Ch.45 MNT for Intellectual and Development Disease

Question 1

Development disabilities are ____ chronic disabilities attributable to mental and/or physical impairments

Answer 1

severe

Question 2

T or F: nutrient deficiencies can cause developmental disabilities

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Intellectual disability is below-average intellectual _____ aging with functional limitations

Answer 3

functioning

Question 4

If a pt can’t stand on the scale, what other options are available? (2)

Answer 4

chair scale, bucket scales

Question 5

For nutritional assessment _______ measures are more appropriate

Answer 5

anthropometric

Question 6

What dietary intake should be used for intellectual development diseases?

Answer 6

Diet history

Question 7

T/F: energy needs should be based on weight

Answer 7

False, it needs to be estimated based on height (can use arm span, knee height, sitting height)

Question 8

People with oral motor issues may have difficulty with: (3)

Answer 8

sucking, swallowing, and chewing

Question 9

feeding problems with _________ includes motor development, head control, trunk stability, ability to have hips and legs at right angles

Answer 9

positioning

Question 10

feeding problems with _____ include lack of autonomy and environmental factors

Answer 10

behavior

Question 11

If a pt can’t feed themselves, they may have what kind of feeding problem?

Answer 11

self-feeding

Question 12

Down syndrome is a genetic condition where there is an extra chromosome on ___

Answer 12

21

Question 13

What is the main risk factor for Down syndrome?

Answer 13

older maternal age

Question 14

Individuals with Down syndrome have a higher risk for _____ due to their shorter stature and decreased physical activity

Answer 14

obesity

Question 15

Individuals with Down syndrome are more likely to have ______ because of decreased muscle tone

Answer 15

constipation (muscle burns more energy)

Question 16

Individuals with Down syndrome have a higher risk of _____

Answer 16

hypothyroidism -> which may also lead to obesity

Question 17

T/F: a child with Down syndrome has obesity and therefor the dietician may cut their calories

Answer 17

false, never want to do a restrictive calories in kids, encourage exercise and healthier diet

Question 18

Prader-Willi is a syndrome known for an ____ of chromosomal material

Answer 18

absence

Question 19

What is contributed to prader-willi?

Answer 19

poor suck and failure to thrive in infancy (kinda floppy movements)

Question 20

Why do individuals with prader-willi have short stature?

Answer 20

growth hormone deficiency

Question 21

What is the cause of obesity in individuals with prader-willi?

Answer 21

insatiable appetite (no matter how much they eat) and low BMR

Question 22

People with prader-willi are at high risk of ___ due to ___ insulin response

Answer 22

diabetes, decreased

Question 23

What intervention can be used for prader-willi?

Answer 23

GHT (growth hormone therapy)

Question 24

Anytime a baby has difficulty sucking during infancy, a ___ formula or breast milk should be used

Answer 24

concentrated (want to make sure they still are hydrated but also that they get plenty of protein and carbs) also to prevent aspiration

Question 25

______ meal patterns in toddler/preschool age may build healthy habits to minimize insatiable appetite

Answer 25

structured

Question 26

In school age parents need to have _____ controls like locking pantries, keeping food out of sight

Answer 26

environmental

Question 27

In adulthood, ___ modifications can be used to try an minimize weight gain in prayer-willi

Answer 27

behavior

Question 28

what are the calorie restrictions for prader-willi?

Answer 28

20-40% less

Question 29

spina bifida is a ______ tube defect where part of the spinal cord grows outside of its normal range

Answer 29

neural

Question 30

How can spina bifida be prevented?

Answer 30

folic acid supplementation before conception and during pregnancy

Question 31

What are the health concerns associated with spina bifida?

Answer 31

muscle weakness/ paralysis, pressure injuries, constipation, risk for obesity, swallowing problems, latex allergy (due to surgery)

Question 32

a disorder of muscle control or coordination that is caused by an injury to the brain during early development is known as

Answer 32

cerebral palsy

Question 33

what are the growth problems associated with cerebral palsy?

Answer 33

failure to thrive, oral/motor problems and constipation

Question 34

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by _____ in social interactions, ___ communication skills, repetitive and stereotypical behavior, and intellectual compromise or normal to high ___ functioning

Answer 34

impairments, poor, cognitive

Question 35

T/F: there is no proven cause of autism, just a potential association.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What interventions are used for autism spectrum disorders?

Answer 36

Feeding team (SLP, OT, therapist/psychologist, RD)

Question 38

it may be beneficial to eliminate ___ and ___ if gut issues arise in autism pt

Answer 38

gluten and casein

Question 39

ADD or ADHD is a ____ problem

Answer 39

neurobehavioral , it often co-exists with another behavioral diagnosis

Question 40

T/F: a risk factor for ADHD is alcohol, drug or tobacco use during pregnancy

Answer 40

true - also premature delivery or low birth weight, environmental exposure, and genetics.

Question 41

medication (stimulants) in ADHD may cause _____

Answer 41

anorexia