Ch.5

Question 1

What does integumentary system consist of?

Answer 1

Integument and it’s accessory organs

Question 2

The Integument is the….

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

The Integuments accessory organs include:

Answer 3

Nail
Hair
Sweat glands
Subcuous(oil)glands

Question 4

The integument consist of?

Answer 4

Superficial epidermis and the deeper dermis

Question 5

Where does subcutaneous layer(hypodermis) is located?

Answer 5

Deep to the dermis

Not part of Integument

Question 6

Where does Integument accessory are formed and reside?

Answer 6

Formed from epidermis

Reside in dermis

Question 7

Integumentary system functions

Answer 7

Protection
Temperature regulation 
Vitamin D synthesis
Sensory reception 
Excretion
Blood reservoir

Question 8

Stratum basale

Answer 8

Deepest epidermal layer (in contract with basement membrane below)
A single layer of cells but 3 types(keratinocytes,melanocytes,tactile cells)

Question 9

Keratinocytes

Answer 9

• Cells that will ultimately produce Keratin

- They actively divide(mitosis) to push new keratinocytes up to the more superficial layers

Question 10

Melanocytes

Answer 10

Produce the pigment melanin

Question 11

Tactile cells

Answer 11

Sensory receptor

Question 12

Stratum spinosum

Answer 12

• several cell layers
• keratinocytes begin to produce keratin
• immune cells(epidermal dendritic cells) are also present

Question 13

Keratin

Answer 13

Durable protein that makes the epidermis tough and waterproof

Question 14

Stratum granulosum

Answer 14

• Three to five layers of keratinocytes undergoing ‘keratinization’ which includes loss of organelle and nucleus
• keratin is fully formed and cell is dead

Question 15

Stratum lucidum

Answer 15

• a few layers of dead keratinocytes
• found only in thick skin
• provides extra protection in thick skin

Question 16

Where do you find thick skin?

Answer 16

Palms of the hands
Soles of the feet
Finger tips, and toe tips

Question 17

Stratum corneum

Answer 17

-Most superficial epidermal layer(in contract with the external environment)
-largest stratum with ~30 layers(many more in thick skin)of dead keratinocytes
Keratinocytes sloughed off by abrasion, replaced by keratinocytes pushed up from the deeper epidermal layers

Question 18

Dermis

Answer 18

• The deeper, thicker layer of integument
• very vascular(blood reservoir)
• 2 regions (papillary layer, reticular layer)

Question 19

Papillary layer

Answer 19

• the superficial, thinner layer of the dermis(in contract with the basement membrane of the epidermis above)
• dermal papillae and epidermal ridges interlock to increase the surface area of contact between the dermis and epidermis

Question 20

Dermal papillae function

Answer 20

• Contain capillaries, providing nutrients to and receiving wastes from the epidermis
• the papillae also contain sensory receptors

Question 21

Reticular layer

Answer 21

• The deeper, thicker layer of the dermis
• compromise the majority of the integument
• contain dermal blood vessels, sensory receptors, and the integuments accessory organs(gland and hair follicles)

Question 22

Subcutaneous layer(hypodermis)

Answer 22

• also known as superficial fascia
• deep to the dermis
• thickness varies with location in the body
• consist of adipose connective tissue(plus some areolar connective tissue)
• binds the integument to the underlying muscle and other organs
• cushioning,insulation,and energy reserve

Question 23

Nails

Answer 23

• Nails,hair,sweat and sebaceous glands are derived from epidermis and develop as invaginations of the epidermis into the dermis
• derived from the same type of cells as the stratum corneum of the epidermis
• contain hard keratin(prevents individual cells from sloughing off)

Question 24

Nails consist of what?

Answer 24

A free edge(extending off of the finger or toe)
A nail body(the visible attached portion)
A nail root(the proximal portion embedded in the integument)
Lanula(whitish semilunar area at the proximal end)

Question 25

Hair

Answer 25

- found everywhere on the body except for the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, the lips, and the nipples - made of hard keratin - 3 types of hair: lanugo, vellus, terminal

Question 26

Lanugo

Answer 26

Very fine, unpigmented hair of a fetus. Mostly replaced by birth

Question 27

Vellus

Answer 27

Hair on most of the body

Question 28

Terminal hair

Answer 28

Found on scalp, eyebrow, eyelashes, beard, and in the axillary and pubic regions following puberty.

Question 29

Hair structure

Answer 29

1. The shaft is the part that extends beyond the skin surface 2. the root is the part within the follicle internal to the skin surface 3. the bulb

Question 30

Hair-bulb

Answer 30

- Expanded base of the root - consist of living epithelial cells even though it is located deeply within the dermis-it is swollen part of the base - surrounds the hair papilla which contains tiny blood vessels and nerves. - within the bulb is the hair matrix where the hair is actually produced - malanocytes are located here

Question 31

Hair follicle

Answer 31

- Surrounds the hair root and hair bulb( at the base of the follicle is an in folding of the dermis into the hair bulb, called the hair papilla, which contains the capillaries that provide nutrients to the developing hair - arrector pilli muscle is attached to each hair follicle(stimulated by emotion or exposure to cold-when the muscles contract the hair is elevated producing what is commonly called "goose bumps"

Question 32

Integumentary system glands

Answer 32

Sweat(sudoriferous)glands -merocrine sweat glands -apocrine sweat glands Sebaceous(oil) glands

Question 33

Merocrine sweat glands

Answer 33

-very numerous and widely distributed Almost everywhere Particularly abundant on palms, soles and forehead -sweat(merocrine) is secreted directly onto the integument surface by way of a pore -99% water 1% salts, antibodies, and waste products Functions in temperature regulation,immunity, and excretion

Question 34

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 34

-less numerous, with a limited distribution Axillary and pubic regions -sweats(apocrine) is released into a hair follicle(the secretion is more viscous, containing lipid and proteins) -is not involved with temperature regulation Apocrine sweat glands become functional during puberty Are involved with chemical signaling

Question 35

Sebaceous glands

Answer 35

-Located everywhere in the body except the palms and soles Particularly abundant on the face,neck, and upper chest and back -produce sebum, an oily secretion Sebum is released into a hair follicle Sebum functions in lubrication of the hair and integument