ch5 Flashcards
1
Q
It is the result of very complicated series of facts, being used as whole, combination of certain forms of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by long continued painstaking effort. Some defined as “visible speech”
A
HANDWRITING
2
Q
connected/writing in which one letter is joined to the next
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Cursive
3
Q
Separated or printing writing
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Script
4
Q
All are in capital letter
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Block
5
Q
push up the pen to form the upward strokes
A
extensor muscles
6
Q
which push the pen to from the downward strokes
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flexor muscles
7
Q
four groups of muscles are employed in writing - those which erate the joints of the fingers wrist elbow, and shouider. the delicate way in which various muscles used in writing work together fo produce written form is known as
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motor coordination
8
Q
- The thumb, the first, second and slightly the third fingers are in actual motion most usually employed by children and illiterates.
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Finger movement
9
Q
- produced by the movement or action of the whole hand with the wrist as the center of attraction.
A
Hand Movement
10
Q
- the movement of the shoulder, hand, and arm with support
of the table
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Forearm Movement
11
Q
- action of the entire arm without resting.
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Whole Forearm Movement
12
Q
- This refers to the shape or design of the individual letters
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Form
13
Q
- It Is an angle or inclination of the axis of the lefters relative to the baseline.
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Slope or Slant
14
Q
- Individual characteristics in relative proportion of letter or relative height of one letter to another letter can be found in different writing. Proportion of letters is one of the hidden features of writing.
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Proportion
15
Q
- The relation between the tall and short letters is refund to as the ______ of the
writing.
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Ratio
16
Q
CURSIVE Came from the Latin “_______” means “_________”
A
CURSUS
RUNNING
17
Q
Characters are written in a joint-flowing manner for the purpose of making the writing faster
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Cursive
18
Q
Characters were written in a separate manner making it easier for beginners to learn the shapes of each letter
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SCRIPT
19
Q
Decrease the angle between bones on the side of the joint. Such as bending the knee directed by a flexor muscle, the flexor surfaces are where folded skin touch
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Flexor Muscles
20
Q
_________, ___________, and __________ affect individuals so variously in the formation of these muscular habits that finally the act of writing becomes an almost automatic succession of acts stimulated by these habits.
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Environment, education and occupation
21
Q
: A highly visible dissimilarity in the form of the same letter found in both the questioned and standard material is an inherent fundamental difference in handwriting.
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FORM
22
Q
Generally refers to the symmetry of an individual letter
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Proportion
23
Q
This concept usually develops a relationship between one portion to another portion of that same letter
A
Propotion
24
Q
What are the different proportions in writing letters?
A
NORMAL PROPORTION
COMPRESSED PROPORTION
EXTENDED PROPORTION
25
The Normal proportion is used when the writing space is________; Compressed when the space is_______ and; Extended when the space is _________to write on.
adequate
limited
too wide
26
are a comparison or correlation of the height of one letter or letter segment to another letter, usually within the same word or signature.
Ratio
27
combinations of various height _______ are often uniquely individual and habitual to a specific writer
ratios
28
- In signatures, it is a common proctice among many writers to write their signatures with the initials and connected without pen.
Connecting Stroke
29
When a letter, word or name (signature) is completed in a free, natural witing, the pen is usually raised from paper while in feling effect motion with a "flying finish"
Terminal Stroke and Initial Stroke
30
It is an interruption in a stroke caused by removing the pen from the paper.
Pen Lift
31
- Is a gap between strokes due to speed in writing and defective writing instrument.
Hiatus
32
is considered as a common characteristic when it conforms to the ordinary copy-book-form.
lateral spacing
33
It is the distance of a letter in a word or of words in a sentence.
Lateral spacing
34
is the thickness, strength, and flow of the letters. Some factors are if the letters are flowing, shaky, or very thick.
Line quality
35
refers to the visible record in the written strokes of the basic movement and manner of holding the writing instrument.
Line quality
36
is the relation of the parts of the whole line of writing or line of individual letters in words or signature to the baseline
Alignment
37
- It is the balanced quality of movements of the harmonious recurrence of stress or impulse.
Rhythm
38
The act of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper surfaces.
Pen Emphasis
39
relationship between the pen point and the paper.
Pen Position
40
- The place where the writer grasps the barrel of the pen and the angle at which he holds it.
Pen hold
41
- the average force with which the pen confacts the paper.________ as opposed to pen emphasis deals with the usual of average force involved in the writing rather than the perlod increases.
Pen Pressure
42
- deviation from uniform strokes due to lack of smoothness perfectly apparent even without magnification.
Tremor
43
- variation is due to lack of machine-like precision of the human hand. it is also cause by externalfactors, such as the writing instrument and the writing position, influenced by physical and mental condition such as fatigue, intoxication, illness, nervousriess and the age of the witer, due to the quality of the writing prepared in the course of the time variation in genuine signature appears in superficial parts and does not apply to the whole process of writing.
Natural Variation
44
- This refers to additional Unnecessary strokes not necessary to legibility of letterforms or writing but incorporated in writing for decorative or ornamental purpose.
Rubric or Embellishment
45
- Is the relation of parts of the whole of writing or line of individual letters in words to the baseline.
ALIGNMENT
46
- Sharp, straight strokes that are made by stopping the pen and changing direction before continuing.
ANGULAR FORMS
47
- Forms that look like arches rounded on the top and open at the bottom.
ARCADE FORMS
48
- any property or mark which distinguishes and in document examination commonly called to as the identifying details.
CHARACTERISTICS
49
- the act of setting two or more items side by side to weigh their identifying qualities; it refers not only a visual but also the mental act in which the element of one item are related to the counterparts of the other.
COMPARISON
50
- A writer may deliberately try to alter his usual writing habits in hopes of hiding his identity.
DISGUISED WRITING
51
The movement of the pen toward the writer.
DOWNSTROKE
52
- The writer's chosen writing style. The way the writing looks, whether it is copybook, elaborated, simplified, or printed.
FORM
53
- A cup-like connected form that is open at the top and rounded on the bottom.
GARLAND FORMS
54
- The German word that means "complete" or "whole". A good gestalt needs nothing added or taken away to make it "look right". Also a school of handwriting analysis that looks at handwriting as a whole picture.
GESTALT
55
the study of handwriting based on the two fundomental strokes. the curve, and the straight strokes,
GRAPHOANALYSIS
56
analysis by comparison and measurement.
GRAPHOMETRY
57
- the art of determining character disposition and amplitude of a person from the study of handwriting. If also means the scientific study and analysis of handwriting, especially with reference to forgeries and questioned documents.
GRAPHOLOGY
58
- Any disconnected style of writing in which each letter is written separately; also called hand printing.
HANDLETTERING
59
"wrong hand writing."
LEFT-HANDED WRITING
60
The amount of space left between letters. Sometimes, referred to as line space.
LETTER SPACE
61
- Movement of the baseline. May slant up, down, or straight across the page.
LINE DIRECTION
62
- the overall character of the ink lines from the beginning to the ending strokes. The visible records in the written stroke of the basic movements and manner of holding the writing instrument is characterized by the term
LINE QUALITY
63
. A disconnected form of script or semi-script writing. This type of writing is taught in young children in elementary schools as the first step in leaming to write.
MANUSCRIPT WRITING
64
- The amount of space left around the writing on all four sides.
MARGINS
65
- Any study or examination which is made with the microscope in other to discover minute details.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
66
- It is an important element in handwriting. It embraces all the factors which are related to the motion of the writing instrument skill, speed freedom, hesitation, rhythm, emphasis, tremors and the like.
The manner in which the writing instrument is move that is by finger, hand, forearm or whole arm.
MOVEMENT
67
- Any specimen of writing executed normally without any attempt to control or alter its identifying habits and its usual quality or execution.
NATURAL WRITING
68
- These are normal or usual deviations found between repeated specimens of any individual handwriting.
NATURAL VARIATION
69
A creative combination of printing and cursive writing.
PRINTSCRIPT
70
- the relation between the tall and the short letter is referred as to the ratio of writing.
PROPORTION or RATIO
71
- A distinct or peculiar character. Also, "________" is used in describing handwriting to refer to any identifying factor that is related to the writing movement itself.
QUALITY
72
- The element of the writing movement which is marked by regular or periodic recurrences. It may be classed as smooth, intermittent, or jerky in its quality; the flourishing succession of motion which are recorded in a written record.
Periodicity, altemation of movement.
RHYTHM
73
- Is the widening of the ink strokes due to the added pressure on a flexible pen point or to the use of a stub pen.
SHADING
74
- Any characteristics of handwriting that is sufficiently uncommon and well-fixed to serve as a fundamental point in the identification.
SIGNIFICANT WRITING HABIT
75
- Eliminating extra or superflvous strokes from the copybook model
SIMPLIFICATION
76
- May refer to the overall size of the writing or the proportions between zones.
SIZE
77
- In any set there are relative degrees, ability, or skill and a specimen of handwriting usually contains evidence of the writer's proficiency; degree, ability, or skill of a write proficiency.
SKILL
78
the angle or inclination of the axis of the letters relative to the baseline. There are three classes: Slant to the left; Slant to the right, and Vertical Slant.
SLOPE/SLANT
79
- Not everyone writes at the same rate so that consideration of the speed of writing may be a significant identifying element.
Writing speed cannot be measured precisely from the finished handwriting but can be interpreted in broad terms of slow, moderate, or rapid.
SPEED (SPEEDY) WRITING
80
The combination of the basic design of letters and the writing movement as taught in school make up the writing system. Writing through use diverges from the system, but generally retains some influence of the basic training.
See also copy book.
SYSTEM (OF WRITING)
81
The act or process of changing.
VARIATION
82
. Any writing executed with the opposite hand that normally used; a.k.a. as "with the awkward hand." It is one means of disguise.
WRONG-HANDED WRITING
83
- a curved formed inside the top curve of loop as in small letters "h", "m", "n", & "p" Or any arcade form in the body of a letter found in small letters which contain arches.
ARC
84
- is the top portion of a letter or upper loop.
ASCENDER
85
- maybe actually on a ruled paper, it might be imaginary alignment of writing: is the ruled or imaginary line upon which the writing rests.
BASELINE
86
- Preliminary embelished initial stroke which usually occurs in capital letters.
BEADED
87
- is the rudimentary initial up stroke of a letter.
BEARD
88
- the beginning and ending stroke of a letter (without hesitation).
BLUNT
89
- The main portion of the letter, minus the initial of strokes, terminal strokes and the diacritic. of any.
BODY
90
- A loop made as a flourished which is added to the letters, as in small letter k & b", or in capital letters "A", "K","P", the horizontal end loop stroke that are often used to complete a letter.
BUCKLE/BUCKLEKNOT
91
a bad writing.
CACOGRAPHY
92
the art of beautiful writing.
CALLIGRAPHY
93
- opposite of ascender, the lower portion of a letter.
DESCENDER
94
- "I" crossing and dots of the letter "I' and 'I. The matters of the Indian script are also known as diacritic signs; an element added to complete certain letter, either a cross bar or dot
DIACRITIC
95
- a small loop or curved formed inside the lefters. This may occur inside the oval of the letters "a, d, o"; the small loop form by stroke that extend in divergent direction as in small letters.
EYE/EYELET/EYELOOP
96
lower part which rest on the base line. The small letter"m has three feet, and the small letter 'n' has two feet.
FOOT
97
- the term applied to the irregular thickening of ink which is found when writing slows down or stop while the pen take a stock of the position.
HESITATION
98
- a gap occurring between a continuous stroke without lifting the pen.
Such as occurrence usually occurs due to speed; may be regarded also as a special form of pen lift distinguish in a ball gaps in that of perceptible gaps and appear in the writing.
HLATUS/PEN JUMP
99
- it is a minute curve or a ankle which often occurs at the end of the terminal strokes. it also sometimes occurs at the beginning of an initial stroke. The terminal curves of the letters "o", "d, "h". "'M", "p", 'U", is the hook. In small letter "w" the initial curve is the hook; the minute involuntary talon likeformation found al the commencement of an infial up stroke or the end terminal stroke.
HOOK
100
- Upper portion of its letter "m""n" "h" "k" - the rounded outside of the top of the bend stroke or curve in small letter.
HUMP/SHOULDER
101
the extra deposit of ink in the initial and terminal stroke due to the slow withdrawal of the pen from the paper usually applicable to fountain pen
KNOB
102
- A oblong curve such as found on the small letter(“f” “g", "l” and letters stroke “f” has two. A loop may be blind or open. A blind loop is usually the result of the ink having filed the open space.
LOOP
103
- a capital letter
MAJUSCULE
104
- a small leter
MINUSCULE
105
- retouching or going back over a defective portion of a witten stroke. Careful __________is common defect on forgeries.
PATCHING
106
- an interruption in a stroke caused by removing the writing instrument from the paper.
PEN LIFT
107
- Any part of a stroke which is super imposed upon the original stroke.
in natural handwriting there may be instances in which the pen doubled back over the course
RETRACE/RETRACING
108
A short initial or terminal stroke.
Spur
109
- Any major long downwardstroke of a letter that is the long downward stroke of the letter “b” “g”
STAFF
110
- the upright long downward stroke that is the trunk or stalk, normally seen in capital letters .
STEM OR SHANK
111
- Any short stroke, which usually occurs at the top of the letters.
TICK/HITCH
112
- A writing weakness portrayed by irregular shaky strokes is described as
TREMOR
113
The upward strokes of a looping ascender
WHIRL
