Ch.5: Civil Rights

Question 1

the use if any unreasonable and unjust criterion of exclusion

Answer 1

discrimination

Question 2

obligation imposed on government to take positive action to protect citizens from any illegal action of gov. agencies and of other private citizens

Answer 2

civil rights

Question 3

provision of the 14th amendment guaranteeing citizens “the equal protection of the laws” This clause has been the basis for the civil rights of African Americans, women, and other groups

Answer 3

Equal protection clause

Question 4

Facts about the Dred Scott v. Sanford

Answer 4

Scot was a slave and was taken by his owner to a free state (Illinois and Wisconsin)
Scott sued his freedom, but denied cause he was a property

Question 5

What are the three amendments that fulfilled the citizenship rights of the African American community

Answer 5

13th, 14th, &15th

Question 6

13th amendment

Answer 6

abolish slavery

Question 7

14th amendment

Answer 7

guaranteed equal protection and due process

Question 8

15th amendment

Answer 8

guaranteed voting rights for African American men

Question 9

Black citizens preferred which party

Answer 9

republican party

Question 10

The first ___ ____ ____ were adopted in 1870s, in each southern state; to criminalize intermarriage of the races and to segregate trains, schools, public accommodation and depots. 10 years.

Answer 10

Jim Crow Laws

Question 11

Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to protect blacks from discrimination by proprietors of hotels, theater, and other public accommodation, but was regarded unconstitutional for the reason that…?

Answer 11

it sought to protect blacks against discrimination by PRIVATE BUSINESSES, which the 14th was sought to only protect against actions by PUBLIC OFFICIALS

Question 12

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 12

separate but equal

Question 13

Women’s suffrage organization included:

Answer 13

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

National Women’s Party

Question 14

19th amendment

Answer 14

ratified in 1920, guaranteed women the right to vote

Question 15

Shelley v. Kraemer:

Answer 15

ruled against the widespread practice of “restrictive covenants”

Question 16

the 1954 Supreme Court decision that struck down the “separate but equal” doctrine as fundamentally unequal; this case eliminated state power to use race as a criterion of discrimination in law and provided the national government with the power to intervene by exercising strict regulatory policies against discriminatory actions

Answer 16

Brown, v. Board of Education

Question 17

a test used by the Supreme Court in racial discrimination cases and other cases involving civil liberties and civil rights that places the burden of proof on the government rather than on the challengers to show that the law in question is constitutional

Answer 17

strict scrutiny

Question 18

literally “by law” refers to legally enforced practices such as school segregation in the south before the 1960s

Answer 18

de jure

Question 19

literally “by fact” refers to practices that occurs even when there is no legal enforcement, such as school segregation in much of the US today

Answer 19

de facto

Question 20

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 20

attack discrimination in public accommodation
segregation in school
employers

Question 21

makes it unlawful to discriminate in employment on the basis of color, religion, sec, or national origin, race

Answer 21

TITLE VII

Question 22

the apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party

Answer 22

gerrymandering

Question 23

a practice in which banks refused to make loans to people living in certain geographic locations

Answer 23

redlining

Question 24

First level of scrutiny

Answer 24

lowest level
motor vehicle, occupation licensing, minimum age,
rational basis test

Question 25

a test used by the supreme court in gender discrimination cases that places the burden of proof partially on the government and partially on the challengers to show that the law in question is unconstitutional

Answer 25

intermediate scrutiny

Question 26

third level of scrutiny

Answer 26

strict scrutiny applies to the basis of race, religion or national origin.

Question 27

United States v. Wong Kim Ark

Answer 27

that anyone born in the US was entitled to full citizenship

Question 28

Lau v. Nicholas

Answer 28

school districts have to provide education for students whose English is limited

Question 29

outlawed discrimination against individuals on the basis of disabilities

Answer 29

1973 Rehabilitation Act

Question 30

The court ruled against a right to privacy that would protect consensual homosexual activity

Answer 30

bowers v. Hardwick

Question 31

Lawrence v. Texas

Answer 31

overturned bowers and extends the rights to privacy to sexual minorities

Question 32

government policies or programs that seek to redress past injustices against a specified groups by making special efforts to provide members of those groups with access to educational and employment opportunities

Answer 32

affirmative action

Question 33

the state shall not discriminate against or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity or national origin

Answer 33

preposition 9