CH5 Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal Systems Flashcards
(62 cards)
Human movement system (HMS)
 The collective of structures that work together to move the body, i.e. muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems
Central nervous system (CNS)
Division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Nerves that connects the rest of the body to the CNS
Afferent pathway
Sensory pathway that relays info to the CNS
Efferent pathway
Motor pathway that relays info from the CNS to the rest of the body 
Mechanoreceptors
Structures that respond to touch and pressure within tissues and send that signal through sensory nerves 
Somatic nervous system
Nerves serving the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle. responsible for voluntary control of movement.
Autonomic nervous system
Part of peripheral nervous system, that gives neural input to organs to run the involuntary processes of the body
Sympathetic nervous system
Sub division of the autonomic nervous system that works to increase neural activity and put the body in a heightened state
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sub division of the autonomic nervous system that works to decrease neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state
Proprioception
The bodies ability to sense it’s general orientation relative to the position of its parts
Muscle spindles
Sensory receptors that are sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change
Golgi tendon organ
Sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change
A sensory receptor located at the point where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle.
Three stages of motor skill development
(1) cognitive: simple instructions, breakdown, skill into smaller steps
(2) associative: refine client skills through practice and regular feedback
(3) autonomous: teach new versions of skill to further challenge
Skeletal system
206 bones of which 177 are used in voluntary movement
Axial skeleton
Consisting of skull, rib cage, and vertebral column. 80 bones.
Appendicular skeleton
Consisting of arms, legs, and pelvic girdle. 126 bones
Remodeling
Bone constantly renewed by re-absorption information of bone structure
Osteoclasts
Cells that break down and remove old bone tissue
Osteoblasts
Cells that form and lay down new bone tissue
Types of bones
Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
Long bone
Long cylindrical shaft with a regular or widened ends
Long bone example
Humorous, femur
Short bone
Similar in length and width look kind of cubicle in shape
