CH5 SKIN Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
The integumentary system consist of?
A
_ Skin (cutaneous membrane)
_ Blood Vessels
_ Nerves
_ Accessory Structures (Hair nails and skin glands)
2
Q
With body surface assessments you’re looking for?
A
_ Changes in (4 T’s)
_ Signs of Infection
3
Q
What are the 4 T’s?
A
_ Texture
_ Tone
_ Temperature
_ Tenderness
4
Q
With the structures of the skin (cutaneous membrane) what are the 2 layers?
A
_ Epidermis
_ Dermis
5
Q
With the structure of skin (cutaneous membrane) which layer is the superficial epithelial layer?
A
Epidermis Layer
6
Q
With the structure of the skin (cutaneous membrane) which layer is the deeper connective tissue layer?
A
Dermis Layer
7
Q
With the structure of the skin (cutaneous membrane) what is below the skin that contains adipose (fat) tissue?
A
Hypodermis
8
Q
With the structure of the epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) layer of the skin what are the 4 consisting cell types?
A
_ Stratified
_ Squamous
_ Keratinized
_ Epithelium
9
Q
With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin which cell type is the main cell type which contains protein and waterproofs the skin?
A
Keratinocytes
10
Q
With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin which cell type is the one that produce melanin; the pigment that absorbs damaging UV radiation and contributes to skin color?
A
Melanocytes
11
Q
With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin which cell type are immune cells?
A
Langerhans Cells
12
Q
With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin which cell type has sensory touch receptors and are deep in epidermis?
A
Merkle Disc
13
Q
How many layers (strata) of the epidermis are there?
A
4 _ 5
14
Q
What are the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?
A
_ Stratum Basale (deepest)
_ Stratum Spinosum
_ Stratum Granulosum
_ Stratum Lucidum (only in thick skin)
_ Stratum Corneum
15
Q
Which layer of the epidermis is the deepest?
A
Stratum Basale
16
Q
Which layer of the epidermis is only in thick skin?
A
Stratum Lucidum
17
Q
Which layer of the epidermis is the most superficial?
A
Stratum Corneum
18
Q
With the layers of the epidermis which layer has a single row of cells and contain stem cells that are the only one to undergo mitosis producing new keratinocytes?
A
Stratum Basale
19
Q
With the stratum basale layer of the epidermis _____is where newly formed cells are pushed to the surface (4 weeks)?
A
Keratinization
20
Q
The stratum basale layer is also known as_____ _____which is the_____cell layer that forms new cells?
A
-Stratum Germinativum
-Germ
21
Q
Which epidermis layer contains melanocytes and merkle disc?
A
Stratum Basale Layer
22
Q
What is required if the stratum basale layer is destroyed?
A
Skin Graft
23
Q
This layer of the epidermis is superficial to the stratum basale and has 8 _ 10 rows of keratinocytes with torn like spines?
A
Stratum Spinosum
24
Q
This layer of the epidermis is superficial to the stratum Spinosum and has 3 _ 5 rows of keratinocytes?
A
Stratum Granulosum
25
With stratum granulosum you have keratinocytes that contain granules that are the precursor to keratin which are called?
Keratohyalin
26
This layer of epidermis is superficial to the stratum granulosum and has 3 _ 5 rows of dead keratinocytes?
Stratum Lucidum
27
This layer of epidermis is only in thick skin like the fingertips palms and souls?
Stratum Lucidum
28
This layer of epidermis is the most superficial and has 25 _ 30 rows of squamous dead keratinocytes?
Stratum Corneum
29
With the stratum corneum cells are continuously_____and_____?
_ Replaced
_ Shed
30
This is a abnormally thickened stratum corneum?
Callus
31
This is the deeper connective tissue portion of the skin?
Dermis
32
What does the dermis consist of?
_ Blood Vessels
_ Nerves
_ Glands
_ Hair Follicles
33
What are the 2 regions of the dermis?
_ Papillary
_ Reticular
34
Which region of the dermis is the superficial portion (about 1/5) and consist of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers?
Papillary
35
The papillary of the dermis consist of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers that contain dermal papillae that house_____ corpuscles of touch and free_____ _____?
_ Capillaries
_ Nerve Endings
36
This region of the dermis is the deeper portion (about 4/5) and consist of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fibers?
Reticular
37
The reticular region of the dermis has spaces between fibers that contain some adipose cells hair follicles nerves _____ glands and_____ glands?
_ Sebaceous Glands
_ Sudoriferous Glands
38
What are the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color?
_ Melanin
_ Hemoglobin
_ Carotene
39
Which of the 3 pigments is where the skin color vairies it can be pale yellow to red to tan to black?
Melanin
40
With Melanin pigment the number of_____ is the same and all people?
_ Melanocytes
41
Differences in skin color is mainly due to the_____of space_____ melanocytes produce?
_ Amount
_ Melanin
42
With the structural basis of skin color this is a inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin?
Albinism
43
Which of the 3 pigments is oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
44
With hemoglobin_____ blood flow causes reddish (erythema) skin color?
Increased
45
With hemoglobin_____ blood flow causes bluish (cyanotic) skin color?
Decreased
46
Which of the 3 pigments is yellow _ orange pigment and forms vitamin A for vision?
Carotene
47
Where is hairs (pili) located?
Thin (hairy) Skin
48
3 Functions of hair?
_ Protects Structures from UV Rays
_ Decreases Heat Loss
_ Protects Eyes from Foreign Particles
49
Hair touch receptors is called the?
Hair Root Plexuses
50
Hair is dead _____space cells?
Keratinized
51
With hair anatomy what part is the superficial portion above skin?
Hair Shaft
52
With hair anatomy what part is the deeper portion that penetrates skin?
Hair Root
53
With hair anatomy what part produce oil?
Sebaceous Glands
54
With hair anatomy what part is where smooth muscles raise hairs goosebumps when contracted?
Arrector Pili Muscles
55
With hair anatomy what part is the external and internal root sheaths?
Hair Follicle
56
With hair anatomy what part is the base of the hair follicle that contains the hair?
Bulb
57
With hair anatomy this is the Stratum basale layer that is the site of cell division?
Matrix
58
With hair growth what stage is where cells of the hair matrix divide keratinize and die and new cells are added at the base of the hair follicle pushing the older cells toward the surface making hair grown longer?
Growth Stage
59
With hair growth what stage is where hair growth stops?
Resting Stage
60
With hair growth this is partial or complete hair loss due to aging chemotherapy or genetics?
Alopecia
61
Hair color is primarily due to the amount of_____?
Melanin
62
Glands are formed by_____ _____cells that secrete (release) a substance?
Stratum Basale
63
3 types of exocrine glands in the skin where products are released into ducts?
_ Sebaceous (oil) Glands
_Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands
_Ceruminous Glands (produce earwax)
64
Which exocrine gland is oil glands?
Sebaceous (oil) Glands
65
Which exocrine gland is sweat glands?
Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands
66
Which exocrine gland produce earwax?
Ceruminous Glands
67
Which exocrine gland is associated with hair follicles and thin skin and is absent in thick skin like the palms and soles?
Sebaceous Glands
68
Which exocrine gland secrete a substance called sebum that prevents dryness inhibits growth of certain bacteria and if clogged may cause acne?
Sebaceous Glands
69
Which exocrine gland has 3-4 million in the body and releases onto skin surface through pores?
Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands
70
What are the 2 main types of Sudoriferous (sweat) glands based on structure location and type of secretion?
_ Eccrine Sweat Glands
_ Apocrine Sweat Glands
71
Which of the 2 main types of sudoriferous sweat glands has a distribution through out the skin of most regions of the body especially in skin of the forehead palms and soles?
Eccrine Sweat Glands
72
Which of the 2 main types of sudoriferous sweat glands has a distribution to the skin of the axilla groin areolae bearded regions of the face clitoris and labia minora?
Apocrine Sweat Glands
73
Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands is located mostly in the deep dermis?
Eccrine Sweat Glands
74
Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands is located mostly in the subcutaneous layer (armpit)?
Apocrine Sweat Glands
75
Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a termination of excretory duct at the surface of the epidermis?
Eccrine Sweat Glands
76
Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a termination of excretory duct a the hair follicle?
- Apocrine Sweat Glands
77
Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands functions to regulate body temperature and waste removal?
- Eccrine Sweat Glands
78
Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands funtions are stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement?
- Apocrine Sweat Glands
79
Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a on set of function soon after birth and have no odor?
- Eccrine Sweat Glands
80
Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a on set of function at puberty and has a odor?
- Apocrine Sweat Glands
81
Which exocrine gland is located in the external ear and provides a sticky barrier that impedes the entrance of foreign bodies?
- Ceruminous Glands
82
Ceruminous glands produce a waxy secretion called _____ (_____).
- Cerumen (Ear Wax)
83
Nails are _____ packed dead keratinized _____ cells?
- Tightly
- Epidermal
84
What part of the nail is the visible portion?
- Nail Body
85
What part of the nail is the portion that extends past the digit?
- Free Edge
86
What part of the nail is the portion deep to the skin?
- Nail Root
87
What part of the nail is whitish and crescent-shaped?
- Lunula
88
What part of the nail is the site of cell division (stratum basale)?
- Nail Matrix
89
A rich blood supply to the nail causes _____ color?
- Pinkish
90
Poor blood supply to the nail causes _____(_____) color?
- Bluish (Cyanosis)
91
Palms palmer surface of digits and soles is thin or thick skin?
Thick Skin
92
All parts of the body except palms and palmar surface of digits and soles are thin or thick skin?
Thin Skin
93
With epidermal strata which skin type thin or thick has thick strata lucidum spinosum and corneum?
Thick Skin
94
With epidermal strata which skin type thin or thick has stratum lucidum essentially lacking with thinner strata spinosum and corneum?
Thin Skin
95
Hair follicles and arrector pili muscles are absent in which skin type?
Thick Skin
96
Hair follicles and arrector pili muscles are present in which skin type?
Thin Skin
97
Epidermal ridges are present in which skin type?
Thick Skin
98
Epidermal ridges are lacking in which skin type?
Thin Skin
99
Sebaceous glands are absent in which skin type?
Thick Skin
100
Sebaceous glands are present in which skin type?
Thin Skin
101
Sudoriferous glands are more numerous in which skin type?
Thick Skin
102
Sudoriferous glands are fewer in which skin type?
Thin Skin
103
Sensory receptors are denser in which skin type?
Thick Skin
104
Sensory receptors are sparser in which skin type?
Thin Skin
105
6 skin functions?
_ Thermoregulation
_ Blood Reservoir
_ Protection
_ Sensation
_ Excretion and Absorption
_ Synthesis of Vitamin D
106
With skin functions what controls body temperature?
Thermoregulation (main function)
107
With skin functions what stores 8 _ 10% of blood at rest in a adult?
Blood Reservoir
108
With skin functions a barrier to microbes and chemicals is for?
Protection
109
Which skin functions senses touch pain and temperature?
Sensations
110
Which skin function removes and absorbs some substances?
Excretion and Absorption
111
Which skin function is produced by UV exposure then converted to calcitriol (active form) that aids in calcium absorption in GI tract?
Synthesis of Vitamin D
112
What type of healing is when the wound only involves epidermis like abrasions and minor burns that do not bleed?
Epidermal (superficial) Wound Healing
113
With epidermal (superficial) wound healing stratum basale cells break contact with the_____ _____ and start migrating_____ one another?
_ Basement Membrane
_ Towards
114
With epidermal (superficial) wound healing what is it called when cells stop migrating from opposite sides once they encounter one another?
Contact Inhibition
115
What type of healing is when wound extends beyond epidermis?
Deep Wound Healing
116
With deep wound healing what is formed and has loss of some functions?
Scar Tissue
117
What are the 4 phases of deep wound healing in order?
_ Inflammatory
_ Migratory
_ Proliferative
_ Maturation
118
Which of the 4 phases of deep wound healing is where blood clots form and vasodilation occurs and enhances delivery of phagocytic cells?
Inflammatory
119
Which of the 4 phases of deep wound healing is where clots form scab and fibroblast begins synthesizing scar (granulation) tissue?
Migratory
120
Which of the 4 phases of deep healing is extensive deposition by fibroblast?
Proliferative
121
Which of the 4 phases of deep wound healing is where the scab sloughs off and epidermis is restored?
Maturation
122
With deep wound healing this is scar tissue formation?
Fibrosis
123
Scar tissue contains more densely arranged_____ fibers and_____ blood vessels hair skin and glands sensory receptors and melanocytes?
_ Collagen Fibers
_ Fewer
124
This type of scar remains within boundaries of original wound?
Hypertrophic Scar
125
This type of scar extends beyond boundaries of original wound?
Keloid Scar
126
This is caused by excessive exposure to UV radiation (natural or artificial)?
Skin Cancer
127
3 common forms of skin cancer?
_ Basal Cell Carcinoma
_ Squamous Cell Carcinoma
_ Malignant Melanoma
128
What form of skin cancer is the most common and rarely metastasizes and is usually harmless?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
129
What form of skin cancer mostly developed from existing damaged tissue (lips or ears)?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
130
What form of skin cancer is the rarest and most deadly and arise from melanocytes and metastasize rapidly?
Malignant Melanoma
131
With skin cancer skin type sun exposure family history age and immunological status are all what?
Risk Factors
132
Effects with aging and the Integumentary system are usually not apparent until?
Late 40s
133
Effects with aging and the integumentary system will usually cause elastic fibers to_____ elasticity causing_____?
_ Lose
_ Wrinkling
134
With aging and the integumentary system these cells decrease which reduce skins immune responsiveness?
Langerhans
135
With aging and the integumentary system there is a decreased size and number of_____glands that cause dry and cracking skin?
Sebaceous
136
With aging and the integumentary system there is decreased _____ production which can lead to heat strokes?
Sweat
137
With aging and integumentary system there is decreased numbers of functional _____ resulting in gray hair and some enlarge causing age (liver) spots?
Melanocytes
138
With aging and the integumentary system hair and nail growth _____ and nails become _____?
_ Decreases
_ Brittle
