Ch.5: Social Groups And Formal Organizations

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

People who interact with one another and who believe that what they have in common is significant

Question 2

Aggregate

Answer 2

Individuals who temporarily hare the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together

Question 3

Category

Answer 3

People, objects, and events that have similar characteristics and are classified together

Question 4

Primary Group

Answer 4

A small group characterized by cooperative, intimate, long-term, face-to-face relationships

Question 5

Secondary Group

Answer 5

Compared with primary group, a larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity

Question 6

Voluntary Associations

Answer 6

Groups made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest

Question 7

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Answer 7

Robert Michels’ term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuation elite

Question 8

In-group

Answer 8

A group toward which one feels loyalty

Question 9

Out-group

Answer 9

A group toward which one feels antagonism

Question 10

Reference Group

Answer 10

A group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves

Question 11

Social Network

Answer 11

The social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together

Question 12

Clique

Answer 12

A cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another

Question 13

Bureaucracy

Answer 13

A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications, and records

Question 14

Goal Displacement

Answer 14

An organization replacing old goals with new ones

Question 15

McDonaldization of Society

Answer 15

The process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, including such this as food preparation

Question 16

Alienation

Answer 16

Marx’s term for workers’ lack of connection to the product of their labor

Question 17

Self-Fulfilling Stereotype

Answer 17

Preconceived ideas of what someone is like that lead to the person’s behaving in ways that match the stereotype

Question 18

Hidden Corporate Culture

Answer 18

Stereotypes of the traits that make for high-performing and underperforming workers, which end up producing both types of workers

Question 19

Group Dynamics

Answer 19

The ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals

Question 20

Small Group

Answer 20

A group small enough for everyone to interact directly with all the other members

Question 21

Dyad

Answer 21

The smallest possible group, consisting of two persons

Question 22

Triad

Answer 22

A group of three people

Question 23

Coalition

Answer 23

The alignment of some members of a group against others

Question 24

Leader

Answer 24

Someone who influences other people

Question 25

Instrumental Leader

Answer 25

An individual who tries to keep the group moving toward its goals

Question 26

Expressive Leader

Answer 26

An individual who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group

Question 27

Leadership Styles

Answer 27

Ways in which people express their leadership

Question 28

Authoritarian Leader

Answer 28

An individual who leas by giving orders

Question 29

Democratic Leader

Answer 29

An individual who leads by trying to reach a consensus

Question 30

Laissez-Faire Leader

Answer 30

An individual who leads by being highly permissive

Question 31

Groupthink

Answer 31

A narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer no tht to even suggest alternatives is a sight of disloyalty