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psych 4 > ch5.2 > Flashcards

ch5.2 Flashcards

1
Q

retinal disparity

A

slightly different stimuli
recorded by the retina of each eye,
provides us with a binocular cue of depth

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2
Q

visual clues about depth and distance that can be perceived using
information from only one eye

A

monocular cues

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3
Q

list the monocular cues

A

position
relative size
linear perspective
light and shadow
interposition
aerial perspective

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4
Q

position

A

we tend to seee objects higher up in our field of vision as farther away

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5
Q

relative size

A

assuming that objects in a scene are the same size, smaller objects are percieved as farther awa

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6
Q

linear perspective

A

parallel lines appear to converge at a distance

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7
Q

light and shadow

A

eye recieves more reflected light from obejcts that are closer to us

normally light comes from above so darker objects are in the shadow

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8
Q

interposition

A

when one object overlaps another object, we view it as closer

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9
Q

aerial perspective

A

objects that appear hazy or that are covered with smog or dust appear farther away

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10
Q

muller lyer illusion

A

the lines have different facing >< on the ends

one appears longer >——< while the others appear shorter but they are the same

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11
Q

ponzo illusion

A

converging lines make the upper bar seem larger byt both are the same (two lines on train tracts)

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12
Q

form perception

A

Gestalt psychologists believe that
perception helps us to add meaning to
visual information by helping to organize it
* There are several laws by which visual
information is organized into coherent
images

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13
Q

what type of psych leads form perception

A

gestalt psych

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14
Q

principles of form perception

A

figure ground
proximity
closure
similarity

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15
Q

is something the main
object or the background

A

figure ground

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16
Q

visual stimuli near to one
another tend to be grouped together

A

proximity

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17
Q

we tend to fill in small
gaps, so they are perceived as
wholes

A

closure

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18
Q

stimuli resembling one
another tend to be grouped
together

A

similarity

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19
Q

perceptual constancy points

A

colour constancy
size constancy
shape constancy

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20
Q

perceptual constancy

A

Our top-down tendency to view objects as unchanging, despite
shifts in the environmental stimuli we receive

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21
Q

colour constancy

A

we perceive objects as having the same
colour regardless of changes in actual light waves

22
Q

size constancy

A

we perceive objects as the same size
regardless of the distance from which it is viewed

23
Q

shape constancy

A

we see an object as the same shape no
matter from what angle it is viewed

24
Q

we expect the room to be
square, but it’s irregularly shaped, we also believe people in
the room are the same distance from us

A

ames room visual illusion

25
Q

damage to the temporal region housing the what pathway exhibits ______

A

visual agnosia

cannot recognize objects visually

26
Q

specific to not
recognizing faces

A

prosopagnosia

27
Q

misaligned eyes taking in different
information, if not corrected, can lead to vision loss

A

Strabismus

28
Q

partial or complete vision loss due to abnormal
development of the brain’s visual cortex in infancy. One eye
focuses better than the other

A

Amblyopia:

29
Q

stats on vision loss

A

About 6% of 45+ olds,and 4.5% of 65% olds
Canadians suffer from visual impairments

30
Q

a form of reading skill used by individuals
with visual impairments

A

braille

31
Q

reading braille uses parts of the brain

A

Experts at reading Braille are actually using parts of the
‘visual’ brain to process the tactile information

32
Q

the auditory system converts _ to _

A

The auditory system converts sound waves (vibrations of the
air in the frequency of hearing) into neural impulses

33
Q

the number of cycles the waves complete in a
certain amount of time [Hertz(Hz) = cycles/sec].
Responsible for producing pitch. Humans hear between 20-
20000 Hz

A

frequency

34
Q

the strength of the cycle, bigger troughs and
crests are higher in amplitude [Decibels(dB)]. Responsible
for loudness. Whisper = 30 dB and loud concert = 120 dB

A

amplitude

35
Q

unit for sound frequency

A

Hz

36
Q

unit for amplitude

A

dB

37
Q

sound waves enter the ear and deflect the

A

eardrum of tympanic membrane

38
Q

vibrations from eardrum set in motion

A

three
ossicles the maleus (hammer),
incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)

39
Q

stapes hit the

A

oval window,
creating waves to form in the fluid-
filled cochlea in the inner ear and
deflecting the basilar membrane
(covered with rows of hair –
auditory sensory receptors)

40
Q

vibrating hair cells in basillar membrane do what

A

communicate with
nerves in the cochlea and send
neural impulses to the brain

41
Q

neural impulses are sent to the brain and then do what for hearing

A

Travels to the brainstem, thalamus, and auditory cortex. Auditory
cortex organized in a tonotopic map – different frequencies are
projected to specific sites

42
Q

what is the final steo of sound waves to soud

A

The signal travels to auditory association areas – linking sound
with language comprehension

43
Q

auditory cortex is organized into

A

tonotopic map – different frequencies are
projected to specific sites

44
Q

what are the two major theories about how the auditory systems converts
waves into sound

A

frequency or temporal theory
place thoery

45
Q

Frequency or temporal theory:

A

different frequencies are
converted into different rates of action potentials. High-
frequency sounds produce more rapid firing

46
Q

place thoery

A

different frequencies activate different regions
of the basilar membrane. The brain equates the place
activity occurred on the basilar membrane with a particular
frequency

47
Q

deafness

A

partial or complete loss of hearing

conduction deafness

sensorineural hearing loss

48
Q

conduction deafness

A

occlusion or break in the various
processes that allow sound waves to become sound
* Wax buildup, infection, eardrum damage, or water
* Temporary or permanent

49
Q

densorineural hearing loss

A

damage or malformations of the
auditory nerve in the cochlea or the brain
* Congenital (from birth)
* Tinnitus: ringing in the ear

50
Q

deaf culture

A

Deafness can have dramatic consequences on
socialization
* Important to identify auditory deficits early
* American Sign Language (ASL) and others have their own
vocabulary, phonology, and grammatical structure
* Members of the deaf community believe hearing is not
necessary to lead productive and fulfilling lives

51
Q
A

psych 4 (14 decks)

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