ch.6

Question 1

what are the 3 classes for stimulants

Answer 1

1. cocaine, 2. amphetamine, 3. methylated xanthines

Question 2

where does cocaine come from

Answer 2

the coco plant

Question 3

where did cocaine originate

Answer 3

Peru and Bolivia (it is grown in high rain forests)

Question 4

what was substance discovered in 1905

Answer 4

procaine (Novocain)

Question 5

how was benzocaine used

Answer 5

a topical anesthetic

Question 6

what happened in the early 1900s with procaine

Answer 6

it was injected in I.V. and was marketed in Europe as anti-aging formula

Question 7

how do you make cocaine

Answer 7

1. mix coca leave with kerosene and crush them-coca paste
2. paste will dry out do you mix with salt
3. salt is called “cocaine hydrochloride” and is stable so it can be packaged and shipped
4. salt must be removed to obtain powder that can be snorted or injected (very expensive)
5. this is a cheaper way ether extraction. Called freebasing which is more explosive and has to be dry before you use it
6. mix base with baking soca = crack (other chemicals involved)

Question 8

what was the first amphetamine related substance people used.

Answer 8

organic tea made from Ma Huang plant

Question 9

what are the 4 types of amphetamine

Answer 9

1. d-isomer, 2. L-isomer,
2. mehamphetamine, 4. related compounds - phenylpropanolamine (PPA) diet pills

Question 10

what makes benzedrine

Answer 10

Mix equal amounts of D and L isomers of amphetamines

Question 11

Was used in WW2 for pilots to keep them awake?

Answer 11

amphetamine

Question 12

the term speed freak means what

Answer 12

1960 term and li produces high levels of psychological effect (ex: aggression)

Question 13

What is Harry Gibson 1940s known for

Answer 13

nebutal

Question 14

Is methamphetamine Neurotoxic?

Answer 14

it can take a long time for the brain dopamine transporters to recover from habitual methamphetamine use (binds to transporters and destroys them)

Question 15

Caffeine pills for runners looked like what

Answer 15

Pills looked like amphetamine and methamphetamine so they would get mixed up

Question 16

what was cocaine originally used for?

Answer 16

Eye and Nasal Surgery, however it still got into the brain and caused ill effects.

Question 17

What type of cocaine is shipped around the world

Answer 17

cocaine hydrochloride

Question 18

Freebase

Answer 18

A less expensive, more effective cocaine( but if you don’t let it dry it will blow up and kill you.

Question 19

what is crack

Answer 19

cocaine mixed with baking soda (has rapid onset as it is inhaled and has rapid tolerance).

Question 20

what is the mechanism of cocaine in the brain?

Answer 20

It blocks the reuptake of: dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

Question 21

The combination of what does Dr.Havens think is most likely to create the unique stimulation of cocaine?

Answer 21

norepinephrine and serotonin.

Question 22

what’s the most important ingredient that people can get their hands on to make meth?

Answer 22

pseudoephedrine (a cold medication).

Question 23

what are the four things people tried to use amphetamine for?

Answer 23

• diet
• colds
• arousal
• concentration (ADHD patients)

Question 24

what was a Benzedrine inhaler used for

Answer 24

colds

Question 25

state dependent learning

Answer 25

the concept that you recall what happened under the influence when you are under the influence.

Question 26

What are the symptoms of Amphetamine withdrawl?

Answer 26

- Decrease in fatigue and hunger - Throwing up - Can't sleep - Irritable

Question 27

is meth mouth an actual thing

Answer 27

No, it's more fact than fiction

Question 28

paradoxical effect

Answer 28

When the drug does the opposite of what you expect it to do.