Ch.6- Respiration and Fermentation Flashcards
catabolism
energy is used to breakdown of fuel
anabolism
energy is required to build macromolecule
oxidation
loss
reduction
gain
glycogen
(simple sugars)
short-term energy storage. stored in liver and muscle tissue
triglyceride fats provide long-term energy storage
(amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol, simple sugars)
excess energy stored as fats. stored in fat cells
photosynthesis is
endergonic and anabolic
cellular respiration is
exergonic and catabolic
ATP
cellular currency
redox reactions
electron transfer
electron transfer
electrons from high energy molecules are transferred to low energy molecules
electron carriers
NAD+ –> NADH
FAD+ –> FADH2
inter-membrane space
between exterior and inner membrane
cristae
finger like in-folds (ATP Synthase and ETC proteins)
w mitochondrial matrix
glycolysis
sugar-splitting in cytoplasm
-does not require oxygen
-the oldest
-least efficient
pyruvate oxidation
occurs in mitochondrial matrix
-comibines with CoEnzyme A
active transport
protein shape is temporarily modieifed and moves protons across the inner membrane into the intermemberane space (againt their concentration gradient)
oxygen
the final electron receptor in ETC
ATP Synthase
a transmembrane enzyme with a proton channel and a mechanical rotor
- moves protons down gradient
- creates ATP
Fermentation
allows us to recycle NADH and continue glycolysis
alcoholic fermentation
in yeasts
-pyruvate to ethanol
lactic acid fermentation
pyruvate to lactic acid
