Ch.7-Bone Tissues And Skeletal System

Question 1

Discuss the major functions of bones.

Answer 1

Bones support the weight of the body and also work with muscles to maintain body position and control precise movements

Muscle fibres could not make the body sit, walk, run or stand if there was no skeleton to pull against

Bones attach to muscles, protect softer tissues, contain cells that produce blood, store salts, and form blood vessels and nerve passageways

Question 2

Bone classifications and examples of each.

Answer 2

Flat bones - resemble plates, with broad surfaces, provide protection for underlying soft tissues, may be thin and slightly curved - ribs, sternum, scapulae, most skull bones

Irregular bones - have different and complex shapes, often connected to other bones - many facial bones, vertebrae in the spine, pelvis

Short bones - small and often cube shaped - carpal(wrist) and tarsal(ankle) bones

Long bones - long bone shafts with expanded ends and are much longer than they are wide and are named for their elongated shape rather than their actual size - all bones of the limbs are long bones except the patella(kneecap) and the bones of the wrists and ankles. Long bones are located in the arms, legs, palms, soles, fingers and toes. The femur is an example of a long bone

Sutural bones(Wormian bones) - the small, flat and irregular bones between the flat bones of the skull. Range in size from as large as 10p piece to as small as a grain of sand

Sesamoid bones - small, flat bones resembling sesame seeds that are most often located near joints of the hands, knees and feet. This type of bone may form in up to 26 locations in the body. Each individual has different numbers of sesamoid bones. Some help to control the directions in which tendons pull, for some their function is unknown - the patellae(kneecaps) are sesamoid bones

Question 3

Identify the major features of the bones that compose the thoracic cage and upper limbs.

Answer 3

The bones that compose the thoracic cage and the upper limbs include 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum, and costal cartilages(which attach the ribs to the sternum anteriorly). The thoracic cage supports the pectoral girdle and upper limbs while protecting the visceral organs. The upper limbs include the arms, forearms and hands, including the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

Question 4

Name each of the bones of the lower limbs.

Answer 4

Femurs

Patellae

Tibias

Fibulae

Tarsals

Talus bones

Calcaneus bones

Metatarsals

Phalanges