Ch.7 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Flashcards
(28 cards)
what is a solution?
a homogeneous mixture composed of two physically mixed parts
solvent
a substance that does the dissolving
solute
a substance that is dissolved within the solvent
what is an aqueous solution?
a solution in which the solvent is liquid water
what are solute-solute interactions?
when a solid is put into a liquid solvent the attractive forces that hold the solid together
what are solute-solvent interactions?
when solute-solute interactions compete with the attractive forces between the solvent molecules and the particles that compose the solid
what are the two types of aqueous solutions of ionic compounds?
positive
negative
what substance dissolves in water to form solutions that conduct electricity (ionic compounds)?
electrolytes
what is a strong electrolyte?
when each unit of the substance that dissolves in water produces separated ions
what is a nonelectrolyte?
a substance that dissolves in water to form solutions that do not conduct electricity(molecular compounds)
Four driving forces favor chemical change in water:
- formation of solid
- formation of water
- transfer of electrons
- formation of gas
what pulls reaction to products?
driving force
how is precipitate reaction formed?
two soluble ionic compounds react to form an insoluble product
what is the key driving force in precipitation reaction?
formation of an insoluble product through the net removal of ions from the solution
soluble ionic compounds
1.All common compunds of group 1A(1) ions (Li+, Na+, K+, etc.) and ammonium ion(NH4+) are soluble
2.All common nitrates(NO3-), acetates (cH3COO- or C2H3O2-) and most perchlorate (ClO4-) are soluble
- All common chlorides(Cl-) bromides (Br-) and iodides (I-) are soluble except those of Ag+, Pb2+, Cu+, and Hg2^2+. All common fluorides (F-) are soluble except those of Pb2+ and Group 2A(2)
- All common metal hydroxides are only slightly soluble except those of group 1A(1)
insoluble ionic compounds:
all common metal hydroxides are only slightly soluble except those of group 1A Ba(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 are moderately soluble
All common sulfide (S2-) carbonates (CO32-) and phosphates (PO43-) are only slightly soluble expect those of group 1A (1) and NH4+
what shows the overall reaction but it does not give a very clear picture of what occurs in the solution?
molecular equation
complete ionic equation
all strong electrolytes are shown as ions
what shows the actual chemical change that occurs in the solution?
Net ionic equation
what is an acid?
a substance that produces H+ ions(protons) when it is dissolved in water
what are strong acids?
completely dissociated (ionized) in water and behave like strong electrolytes
what is a base?
a substance that produces OH- ions (hydroxide ions) when it is dissolved in water
what are strong bases?
completely dissociated (ionized) in water and behave like strong electrolytes
common strong acids
HCl-hydrochloric acid
HBr-hydrobromic acid
HI-Hydroiodic acid
HNO3-nitric acid
H2SO4-Sulfuric acid
HCLO4-Perchloric acid
