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Chemistry > Ch.7 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions > Flashcards

Ch.7 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

what is a solution?

A

a homogeneous mixture composed of two physically mixed parts

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2
Q

solvent

A

a substance that does the dissolving

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3
Q

solute

A

a substance that is dissolved within the solvent

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4
Q

what is an aqueous solution?

A

a solution in which the solvent is liquid water

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5
Q

what are solute-solute interactions?

A

when a solid is put into a liquid solvent the attractive forces that hold the solid together

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6
Q

what are solute-solvent interactions?

A

when solute-solute interactions compete with the attractive forces between the solvent molecules and the particles that compose the solid

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7
Q

what are the two types of aqueous solutions of ionic compounds?

A

positive
negative

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8
Q

what substance dissolves in water to form solutions that conduct electricity (ionic compounds)?

A

electrolytes

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9
Q

what is a strong electrolyte?

A

when each unit of the substance that dissolves in water produces separated ions

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10
Q

what is a nonelectrolyte?

A

a substance that dissolves in water to form solutions that do not conduct electricity(molecular compounds)

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11
Q

Four driving forces favor chemical change in water:

A
  1. formation of solid
  2. formation of water
  3. transfer of electrons
  4. formation of gas
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12
Q

what pulls reaction to products?

A

driving force

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13
Q

how is precipitate reaction formed?

A

two soluble ionic compounds react to form an insoluble product

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14
Q

what is the key driving force in precipitation reaction?

A

formation of an insoluble product through the net removal of ions from the solution

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15
Q

soluble ionic compounds

A

1.All common compunds of group 1A(1) ions (Li+, Na+, K+, etc.) and ammonium ion(NH4+) are soluble

2.All common nitrates(NO3-), acetates (cH3COO- or C2H3O2-) and most perchlorate (ClO4-) are soluble

  1. All common chlorides(Cl-) bromides (Br-) and iodides (I-) are soluble except those of Ag+, Pb2+, Cu+, and Hg2^2+. All common fluorides (F-) are soluble except those of Pb2+ and Group 2A(2)
  2. All common metal hydroxides are only slightly soluble except those of group 1A(1)
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16
Q

insoluble ionic compounds:

A

all common metal hydroxides are only slightly soluble except those of group 1A Ba(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 are moderately soluble

All common sulfide (S2-) carbonates (CO32-) and phosphates (PO43-) are only slightly soluble expect those of group 1A (1) and NH4+

17
Q

what shows the overall reaction but it does not give a very clear picture of what occurs in the solution?

A

molecular equation

18
Q

complete ionic equation

A

all strong electrolytes are shown as ions

19
Q

what shows the actual chemical change that occurs in the solution?

A

Net ionic equation

20
Q

what is an acid?

A

a substance that produces H+ ions(protons) when it is dissolved in water

21
Q

what are strong acids?

A

completely dissociated (ionized) in water and behave like strong electrolytes

22
Q

what is a base?

A

a substance that produces OH- ions (hydroxide ions) when it is dissolved in water

23
Q

what are strong bases?

A

completely dissociated (ionized) in water and behave like strong electrolytes

24
Q

common strong acids

A

HCl-hydrochloric acid

HBr-hydrobromic acid

HI-Hydroiodic acid

HNO3-nitric acid

H2SO4-Sulfuric acid

HCLO4-Perchloric acid

25
Q

common stong bases

A

LiOH-Lithium hydroxide

NaOH-sodium hydroxide

KOH-potassium hydroxide

RbOH-rubidium hydroxide

CsOH-cesium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2-Calcium Hydroxide

Sr(OH)2-Strontium Hydroxide

Ba(OH)2-Barium Hydroxide

26
Q

Perception reactions are also called

A

double displacement reactions

27
Q

reactions between strong acids and strong bases are called

A

neutralization reactions

28
Q

what kind of reaction is this ?
A+ BC—–> B+ AC

A

single replacement reaction

Chemistry (10 decks)

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