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SLP PRAXIS PREP > CH7: VOICE > Flashcards

CH7: VOICE Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Ventricular/ false vocal folds do not vibrate during normal phonation and used only during ____?

A

activities such as lifting and coughing

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2
Q

what folds separate the pharynx and laryngeal vestibule?

A

aryepiglottic folds

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3
Q

Primary cranial nerve for laryngeal innervation

A

cranial nerve 10: vagus nerve

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4
Q

This vocal structure is cartilage attached to hyoid bone and covers trachea so that food and drink go to esophagus.

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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5
Q

These laryngeal muscles are responsible for controlling vocalization

A

intrinsic laryngeal muscles: thyroarytenoids, cricothyroids, cricoarytenoids, transverse oblique arytenoids

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6
Q

These laryngeal muscles elevate and lower larynx position

A

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

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7
Q

Mean Fo range for kids 7-8 years old

A

281-297 HZ

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8
Q

Max Phonation Time….what happens from 7 to 15 yrs of age

A

sustaining ah…doubles in time from 7.5 to 15 seconds

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9
Q

MFF for men

A

average is 125 HZ (Range is 100-150)

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10
Q

MFF for women

A

average is 225 Hz with range of 180-250

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11
Q

MPT - max phonation time: adults 18-29

A

21-24 ish seconds

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12
Q

age related changes in larynx include

A

laryngeal cartilage hardening

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13
Q

age related changes of larynx lead to______

A

presbyphonia

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14
Q

presbyphonia

A

age related voice disorder with perceptual changes in quality range loudness and pitch

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15
Q

Perceptual correlate of frequency

A

PITCH

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16
Q

perceptual correlate of intensity

A

LOUDNESS or VOLUME

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17
Q

perceptual correlate of complexity

A

VOICE QUALITY

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18
Q

determined by mass, tension, elasticity of VF’s

A

PITCH

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19
Q

Jitter is _____

A

frequency perturbation- variations in vocal frequency- dysphonic patients

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20
Q

Shimmer is _____

A

amplitude/ loudness perturbation- variation of vocal intensity

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21
Q

A speaker with or without laryngeal pathology will have small variation of intensity per cycle (shimmer is less than 1 dB)

A

WITHOUT LARYNGEAL PATHOLOGY

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22
Q

Types of vocal quality

A

on piece of paper - refer to this! *

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23
Q

Before beginning voice therapy it is necessary to obtain

A

must obtain a medical evaluation of vocal mechanism prior to voice therapy

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24
Q

Indirect laryngoscopy

A

bright light source and small mirror - press against pharyngeal wall area. view during phonation.

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25
Direct Laryngoscopy
by surgeon under anesthesia - laryngoscope through mouth into pharynx and above VF's.
26
Patient can or can't phonate during direct laryngoscopy
CAN NOT PHONATE DURING THIS PROCEDURE- good for biopsy with laryngeal cancer
27
Flexible Fiber- Optic Laryngoscopy
thin, flexible tube with fiber- optic light bundles. through nasal passage and above larynx
28
Can the patient sing or phonate during the flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy?
YES! they can sing or phonate during this laryngoscopy. | excellent for rapid VF movement
29
Endoscopy
flexible (nasal) or rigid (orally) - can view VP valving mechanism.
30
Spectrogram shows ____________
the resonant characteristics of the vocal tract and harmonic nature of glottal sound source
31
videostroboscopy helps to detect ____
laryngeal neoplasms (tumors) with either a laryngoscope or endoscope
32
Stroboscopic image from videostroboscopy gives information on the ___ and _____
1) regularity of vocal fold vibration 2) vocal fold amplitude (loudness) 3) glottal closure 4) possible tumors ^^^ given by a ______image
33
EGG- electroglottography
indirect measure of vocal fold closure patterns
34
recommended as cross validation tool with other measures of vocal fold functioning
EGG
35
EMG- electromyography
invasive procedure directly measures laryngeal function to study electrical activity of vocal folds needle electrodes
36
EMG looks at _____
vocal fold functioning- muscle activity and activation
37
Videokymography
high speed medical imaging
38
Aerodynamic Measurements
airflows, air volumes, average air pressures
39
Aerodynamic measurements used to evaluate
dysphonia, monitor voice changes, differ between laryngeal and respiratory issues
40
MPT- max phonation time assesses _____
sustain "a" during one exhalation: respiration, glottal efficiency, vocal pathology
41
s/z ratio determines if
determines if a laryngeal pathology: produce 2 long /s/ sounds and 2 long /z/ sounds . divide longest s by longest z FOR RATIO
42
s/z ratio more than 1.4 indicates ____
possible laryngeal pathology
43
hypernasality results when
the VP mechanism doesn't close nasal passage during non-nasal sounds. ( cleft, adenoidectomy, paralysis of velum due to CP, parkinsons)
44
hypernasality has most affect on 3 manners of artic
1) fricatives 2) affricates 3) plosives most impacted by this vocal quality
45
Etiology of VPI
page 288- adenoidectomy, decreased mass of velum
46
hyponasal patients may exhibit the following
pts with this vocal quality exhibit 1) open mouth breathing 2) enlarged adenoids
47
frequent hyponasal substitutions
b/m, d/n, g/ng
48
nasometer
gives visual feedback on computer for oral-nasal ratio - to achieve within normal limits for hypernasal patients
49
to decrease HYPONASALITY in patient
1) words with nasal sounds said with exaggeration - feel vibrations in mask 2) nasal glide stimulation: combination helps direct resonance into nasal cavity 3) visual aids - mirror or tissue
50
exaggerating consonants in articulation can alter perception of _______
hypernasal resonance - lessen the extra nasal resonance.
51
3 categories for laryngeal cancer
T ( site of tumor) N ( involvement of lymph nodes) M ( metastasis)
52
stoma
opening made in lower part of neck for breathing
53
esophageal voice is produced by ___
PES- pharyngoesophageal segment- vibratory source
54
Blom- Singer tracheoesophageal puncture TEP
the tracheoesophageal wall ( separates trachea and esophagus) is punctured. device prevents passage of food and liquid into the trachea.
55
granulomas are vascular lesions usually developed on the
arytenoid cartilages in posterior laryngeal area
56
Hemangiomas
soft pliable filled with blood- similar to granulomas | usually surgically removed
57
Leukoplakia
benign white thick patches on mucosa - sounds low pitched breathy and soft in vocal quality
58
hyperkeratosis
rough pink lesion in oral, pharynx or larynx | reduced loudness and low pitch
59
laryngomalacia
epiglottis impacted- abnormal development. epiglottis resists the airstream causing stridor ( rough and breathy noise upon inhalation)
60
papillomas
primarily in kids and wart like growths by HPV- MANY SURGERIES NEEDED FOR THIS phonation disorder most concerned about airway preservation
61
young kids can experience laryngeal trauma by
intake of sharp object
62
laryngeal web
membrane grows in anterior portion of glottis
63
PVFM: paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder
aka laryngeal dyskinesia --> inappropriate adduction (closure) of true vocal folds during inhale or exhale.
64
patients with paradoxical vocal fold disorder appear
asthmatic - some display stridor and dysphonia
65
ankylosis
movement of arytenoids restricted because of bone disease .
66
popular technique for vocal fold medialization
thyroplasty type 1 - window in thyroid cartilage and places silastic implant to keep paralyzed fold medialized.
67
spasmodic dysphonia
laryngeal dystonia can be abducted or adducted botox used a lot with hyperadduction cases
68
MS, MG, ALS, parkinsons
page 301
69
ALS patients have poor
respiratory control, low pitched monotonous speech
70
vocal nodules
increase mass of folds, often bilateral, make the folds vibrate at slower rate and result in lower pitch
71
polyps are unilateral
USUALLY!
72
patients with polyps sound
breathy and hoarse - diplphonia may be present too.
73
contact ulcers
ulcerated granulated tissue on posterior third of glottal margin
74
always ensure____ is completed before voice therapy
medical evaluation must be completed
75
pharyngeal focus treatment should use
facial mask technique
76
LOW PITCH VOICE
typically breathy and hoarse
77
if larynx too elevated and high pitch voice problematic
yawn sigh, open mouth, digital manipulation successful to lower pitch
78
Lombard effect
patient voice becomes louder in presence of background noise
79
estrogen does not affect vocal folds
TRUE
80
techniques for feminine sound voice
greater articulatory precision, softer voice, more modals ( may, will, shall, must)
81
tongues more anterior in oral cavity during speech
helps achieve forward resonance - characteristic of female voice
82
female to male gender reassignment can achieve lower pitched voice ( less effort in Female to male )
through hormonal therapy since the testosterone thickens the VF's and produces lower pitch.
83
HIGH PITCH
thin and tense vocal folds
84
LOW PITCH
THICK AND RELAXED VOCAL FOLDS

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