ch8.3

Question 1

memories prior to age 3

Answer 1

Memories for events prior to age 3 is not impressive (infantile
amnesia)
* Brain regions responsible for memory develop at different
rates
* Areas for events develops more slowly than areas for skills

Question 2

episodic memories stored where

Answer 2

stored in hippocampus temporarily before
being distributed to other neocortical areas

Question 3

hippocampus development

Answer 3

s a late developing brain structure, may be
responsible for infantile amnesia

Question 4

what causes infantile amnesia

Answer 4

is a late developing brain structure, may be
responsible for infantile amnesia
* Alternatively, infantile amnesia may be the result of an inability
to transfer information
* Language development may also account for the inability to
remember earlier events

Question 5

emotionally charged memories

Answer 5

Emotionally-charged memories are more likely to be
remembered

Question 6

older age and memories

Answer 6

memories, STM, and source attributions
* More likely to remember positive events
* While declines occur naturally, there are ways to mitigate
memory loss
* Use it or lose it!
* Aerobic and physical exercise

Question 7

prospective memory

Answer 7

ability to remember content in
the future
* Planning (e.g., send that birthday card and take my
meds)

Question 8

retrospective memory

Answer 8

ability to remember content
from the past
* Did I already send that card? Did I already take my
meds?
* Hippocampus starts shrinking in early 20s

Question 9

memory failure can result in

Answer 9

dismay, frustration, and
embarrassment

Question 10

what are the two types of memory disorders

Answer 10

Two types of memory disorders
1. Organic memory disorder
2. Dissociative disorders

Question 11

organic memory disorders

Answer 11

• Clear organic causes such as brain injury or medical
  conditions
• Impacts areas or chemicals responsible for the formation,
  storage, or retrieval of memories
• Most common are amnestic disorders and dementias

Question 12

what are the types of organic memory disorders

Answer 12

anmesitic disorders
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia

dementia
alxhiemers disease

neurofibrillary tangles
senile plaques

Question 13

amnestic disorders

Answer 13

organic disorders in which memory loss is
the primary symptom

Question 14

retrograde amnesia

Answer 14

inability to remember things that occurred
before an organic event

Question 15

anterograde amnesia

Answer 15

ongoing inability to form new memories
after an amnesia-inducing event
* Often damage to temporal lobes or mammillary bodies
* Head injuries are a common cause

Question 16

dementia

Answer 16

severe memory problems combined with losses in
at least one other cognitive function, such as abstract thinking
or language

Question 17

most common type of neurodegenerative disorder

Answer 17

dementia

Question 18

alxheimers disease

Answer 18

most common form of dementia (2/3),
usually beginning with mild memory problems, lapses of
attention, and problems in language, and progressing to
difficulty with even simple tasks and recall of long-held
memories

Question 19

neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 19

twisted protein fibres found within the cells of
the hippocampus and certain other brain areas

type of organic memory disorder

Question 20

senile plaques

Answer 20

sphere-shaped deposits of a protein known as beta-
amyloid that form in the spaces between cells in the hippocampus,
cerebral cortex, and certain other brain regions, and some nearby blood
vessels
* Other research suggests reduced activity of neurotransmitters related to
memory (acetylcholine and glutamate)

Question 21

who is more suscpetibel to organic memory disorders

Answer 21

Older women are more susceptible because they live longer
and experience more natural age-related declines

Question 22

stroke susceptibility

Answer 22

Stroke in both sexes increases risk

Question 23

what increses risk of organic memory disroders in woemn

Answer 23

Depression and diabetes in women increases risk
* Men show more aggressive tendencies while women more
depression

Question 24

who experiences ore neurofibrilary tangles

Answer 24

women