Ch.9 cellular respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

fermentation

A

a catabolic process that breaks down sugars without the use of oxygen

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2
Q

aerobic respiration

A

a catabolic pathway in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with organic fuel.

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3
Q

What does it mean to be reduced?

A

to gain an electron

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4
Q

What does it mean to be oxidized?

A

to lose an electron

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5
Q

What’s a reducing agent?

A

Something that reduces something else by being oxidized. (gives away electrons)

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6
Q

What’s an oxidizing agent?

A

Something that oxidizes something else by being reduced. (receives electrons)

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7
Q

What is the main equation for cellular respiration?

A

glucose and oxygen make carbon dioxide and water as well as ATP.

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8
Q

what is glycolysis and what does it produce?

A

the breakdown of glucose producing 2 pyruvate, 2ATP, 2H2O, 2 NADH + 2H+

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9
Q

A protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane that makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

A

ATP synthase

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10
Q

The potential energy stored in the form of a proton electrochemical gradient, generated by pumping hydrogen ions across a membrane during chemiosmosis.

A

proton motive force

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11
Q

Organisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and that carry out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration, are known as

A

obligate anaerobes

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12
Q

Organisms that can make enough energy to survive using either fermentation or aerobic respiration are known as

A

facultative anaerobes

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13
Q

What is the equation for cell respiration?

A

6O2+ C6H12O6 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38 ATP

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14
Q

What is generated during glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvate, 2 water, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

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15
Q

what happens in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

A

2 ATP molecules are used

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16
Q

What is generated during the oxidation of pyruvate?

A

1 CO2, 1 NADH

17
Q

What happens during the oxidation of pyruvate?

A

Coenzyme A binds with pyruvate making Acetyl CoA which is the starting compound of the Citric Acid cycle.

18
Q

What is generated during the Krebs cycle?

A

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2

19
Q

Explain the process of the Krebs cycle.

A

Acetyl CoA binds with oxaloacetate to make citric acid. Citric acid is then oxidized to form oxaloacetate to start the cycle again.

20
Q

What is generated during oxidative phosphorylation?

A

H2O and 32-34 ATP molecules

20
Q

What is the ETC?

A

electrons are accepted and donated until passed to O2, the final electron acceptor which forms water.

21
Q

What happens during chemiosmosis?

A

the ETC pumps H+ into intermembrane space then back across the membrane in ATP synthase.

22
Q

How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

A

2 for each acetyl group