Ch.9 Metabolic syndrome

Question 1

Narrowing or obstruction of lumen

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis- gradual

Thromboembolism- rapid

Question 2

Wearing of the vessel wall is

Answer 2

Dilation= aneurysm

Rupture= dissection

Question 3

What is a arteriosclerosis

Answer 3

Hardening of the arteries generic term

Atherosclerosis- hardening of arteries, atheroma

Question 4

Whats an aneurysm

Answer 4

Localized dilation of an arterial wall

Question 5

A dissection is

Answer 5

Passage of blood through layers of wall

Question 6

Whats a thrombus

Answer 6

Blood clot in a vessel

DVT= occurs in leg, thigh, pelvis

Question 7

Whats a varicosity

Answer 7

Localized dilation of a vein

Question 8

What is the site for edema and WBC diapedesis

Answer 8

Post capillary venules

Question 9

What provides vascular resistance

Answer 9

Arterioles

Question 10

Veins have a ____ lumen and ______ walls

Answer 10

Large, thin

Prone to dilation, compression, and invasion

Question 11

Lymphatic vessels are ______ walled and lined by ___________.

Answer 11

Thin, endothelia

Question 12

What are the functions of endothelial cells

Answer 12

Regulates clot formation
Vasoreactivity (nitric oxide, endothelin)
Regulates cell growth-smooth muscle cell

Question 13

What is endothelial activation?

Answer 13

Pro inflammatory

Ex. Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Diabetes
Thrombosis

Question 14

What is a berry aneurysm

Answer 14

Dilation of cerebral vessels’

If ruptures is a subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 15

What is arteriovenous fistula

Answer 15

A larger artery inappropriate connects to a vein, bypasses capillaries

Question 16

Fibomuscular dysplasia is

Answer 16

Local thickening of medium/large artery walls- Ischemia results

IS NOT INFLAMMATORY

Question 17

Who is at risk for Fibromuscular dysplasia

Answer 17

Young Adult females

MC

Question 18

What is hypotension

Answer 18

Less than 90/60 decreased perfusion and dysfunction

Question 19

Hypertension is considered

Answer 19

Higher 140/90

Question 20

What provides nutrients to the intima and inner 1/2 of media

Answer 20

Diffusion from lumen

Question 21

What provides nutrition to the outer 1/2 of media and adventitia

Answer 21

Vasa vasorum

Question 22

What is tunica media is enlarged in what vessels

Answer 22

Large arteries

Small inside of veins= aka floppy

Question 23

What anomalies are rarely symptomatic

Answer 23

Berry Aneurysm

Arteriovenous Fistula (AV)

Fibromuscular Dysplasia- can cause renovascular hypertension

Question 24

What two things regulate Blood pressure

Answer 24

Cardiac output (HR+stroke volume)

Peripheral vascular resistance

Question 25

When does the renin angiotensin system kick into gear?

Answer 25

When BP decreases Increases sodium resorption which increases blood volume Vasoconstriction

Question 26

What does ANP release in relationship too

Answer 26

Increased BP from a stretched heart 1. Reduces sodium resorption (diuresis) 2. Vasodilation

Question 27

Look at slide 17

Answer 27

Ya buddy

Question 28

Without treatment of Hypertension results in

Answer 28

50% die from ishemic heart disease 1. Heart atttack 2. Congestive heart failure Another 1/3 will die from stroke

Question 29

How many U.S. adults have hypertension

Answer 29

25% silent killer

Question 30

What are the organs most susepctible to hypertension

Answer 30

Heart kidneys, brain,eyes

Question 31

True or False 95% of hypertension cases are "essential"

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What makes it malignant hypertension

Answer 32

180/120 or higher Lethal within 1-2 years, retinal hemorrhage Renal failure, stroke

Question 33

Who is at a high risk for Hypertension

Answer 33

African Americans Age,stress,obsety stroke genetics

Question 34

True or False Injury to tunica intima is irreversible?

Answer 34

True Causes vessel stenosis resulting in tissue ischemia

Question 35

WHich type of arteriosclerosis is more severe?

Answer 35

Hyperplastic Onion skin appearance Possible kidney failure

Question 36

What arteriosclerosis is chronic

Answer 36

Hyaline Increased ECM Lower lever hypertension

Question 37

Arterioloclerosis is damage to

Answer 37

Small arteries, from chronic HTN or diabetes

Question 38

What type of arteriosclerosis is not clinically significant

Answer 38

Monckeberg medial sclerosis Ca deposits on media

Question 39

Atherosclerosis is

Answer 39

Clinically significant, MC of all three atheromas Mc affect heart,brain,kidney, intestines

Question 40

99% of arteriosclerosis is

Answer 40

Atherosclerosis #1 cause of death in US

Question 41

Who's at risk for monckeber medial Sclerosis

Answer 41

Affects elderly

Question 42

Atherosclerosis release marcrophages and lipids from what kind of cells

Answer 42

Foam cells Ca of vessel wall MC in heart attack

Question 43

What layer is weakened making vessels prone to dialtaion

Answer 43

Tunica media Aneurism risk!!!!

Question 44

Atherosclerosis is accelerated by

Answer 44

Hemodynamic stress, MC at branch points or other turbulent flow areas Also by hyperlipidemia=increase of bad fats decreas of good fats

Question 45

A ruptured plaque result in a

Answer 45

Thromboembolism

Question 46

Peripheral vascular disease can result in

Answer 46

Gangrene

Question 47

Who is most at risk for atherosclerosis

Answer 47

Males ages 40-60 Most important risk factor is family history

Question 48

Heart attack risks increase from

Answer 48

Hyperlipidemia, HTN, smoking, inflammation

Question 49

What is metabolic syndrome

Answer 49

Central obesity, HTN, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia Any 3/5 Risk for cardiovascular disease and Type II diabetes PRO INFLAMMATORY

Question 50

What most be true for a true aneurysm

Answer 50

All 3 layers of the vessel wall are dilated False- isolated defect, produces hematoma