Ch.9: STRESS Flashcards
(25 cards)
the body’s nonspecific response to a demand place on it. THREE COMPONENTS include homeostasis, stress response, and adaptation
stress
an event or environmental agent responsible for initiating the stress response
stressor
Exogenous stressors include
Health Money Debt Relationship job school
Physiological stressors include:
trauma, surgery, temp extremes, pain, severe hemorrhage
Endogenous stressors include:
infections, illnesses, inflammation, dehydration ( inside the body )
A State of constancy. It is the ability of a system to remain stable by regulating variables that can affect the system.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is a dynamic balance between what two autonomic branches?
parasympathetic (rest & digest)
sympathetic (fight or flight)
Act in many ways to maintain homeostasis. They regulate functions of the cells, integrate the functions of different organ systems, and control life processes.
Control systems
Most control systems are negative feedbacks (temp, glucose level)
External stressors are
adverse PHYSICAL CONDITIONS(pain, temperature)
stressful psychological environments (abuse/poor)
Internal stressors are
PHYSICAL (infections/inflammation/illness)
Psychological (intense worrying)
General Adaptation Syndrome: 3 stages include
alarm stage(immediate response) resistance stage (coping) exhaustion stage ( depletion)
all the manifestations of stress are influenced by?
the nervous/endocrine system
release of hormone that results to stress to gain ENERGY
Norepinephrine/ Epinephrine
origin: locus cerulean & adrenal medulla
function: decrease insulin- increase glucagon-increase heart rate- relaxes the bronchial smooth muscles (airflow)
Corticon- Releasing Factor- CRF
origin- hypothalamus
function- stimulates the ACTH, inhibit reproductive organs (menstrual, testo decrease= sex life decrease)
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone- ACTH
origin: anterior pituary
function- stimulates the synthesis and release of CORTISOL
CORTISOL “ stress hormone”
origin: adrenal cortex
function- potentates the action of epinephrine and glucagon, inhibits the release of reproductive hormones, thyroid stimulating hormones, and DECREASE IMMUNITY
Aldosterone:
origin- adrenal cortex
function- increases sodium absorption by the kidney
Antidiuretic Hormone- ADH (vasopressin)
origin: hypothalamus/posterior pituitary
function- increases water absorption by the kidney, vasoconstriction, stimulates the release of ACTH
Major physiological response to stress are
increase heart rate/bp increase glucose decrease immune system increase oxygen intake pupil dilation decrease gastric activity increased alertness
Major psychological response to stress
rage, anger, anxiety, and fear
Somatic symptoms: anorexia, nausea, vomitting, cramps, diarrhea, paleness, sweating
Sympathetic Nervous system:
dilation of pupils vasoconstriction increased heart rate decrease salvation/ digestion bladder relaxation bronchodilator (airflow)
Parasympathetic Nervous System:
pupillary constriction vasodilation increase salivation/digestion decrease heart rate bladder constriction
Factors affecting adaptation:
Physiologic and Anatomical Reserve Time Genetic Endowment (gene-alcoholism) Age Gender Health Status Nutrition Sleep/Wake Cycles Hardiness (personality) Psychosocial Factors (social support)
treatment of stress disorders:
Relaxation Techniques Guided Imagery Music Therapy Massage Therapy Biofeedback
