Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ch1 Foundations of Sonography > Cha 1 Foundations of Sonography > Flashcards

Cha 1 Foundations of Sonography Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Acoustic impedance

A

Measure of a material’s resistance to the propagation of sound;expressed as the product of acoustic velocity of the medium and density of the medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

angle of incidence

A

Angle at which a sound beam strikes the interface between two types of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

attenuation

A

Reduction in amplitude and intensity of a sound wave as it propagates through a medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

axial resolution

A

Refers to the minimum distance between two structures positioned along the axis of the beam where both structures can be visualized as separate objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

compression

A

region of increased particle density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

crystal

A

Special material in the transducer that has the ability to convert electric impulses onto sound waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

decibel

A

Unit used to quantitatively express the ratio of two amplitudes or intensities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

focal zone

A

Region over which the effective width of the sound beam is within some measure of its width at the focal distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

frequency

A

Number of cycles per second that a periodic events or function undergoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

intensity

A

Power per unit area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

interface

A

Surface forming the boundary between media having diffeent properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

megahertz (MHz)

A

1,000,000Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

piezoelectric

A

Generation of electric signals as the result of an incident sound beam on a material that has piezoelectric properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

power

A

Rate of energy flow over the entire beam of sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

refraction

A

Change in the direction of propagation of a sound wave transmitted across an interference where the speed of sound varies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

resolution

A

Ability of the transducer to distinguish between two structures adjacent to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

transducer

A

Any device that convert energy from one form to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

wave

A

Propagation of energy that moves back and fourth or vibrates at a steady rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

wavelength

A

Distance over which a wave repeats itself during one period of oscillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

resistance

A

Passive force in opposition to another, active force; when tissue exert pressure against the flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

angle of reflection

A

Angle of incidence at which the sound beam strikes the interface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

velocity

A

Speed of the ultrasound wave;determined by tissue density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cycle

A

Sequence of events occurring at regular intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fraunhofer zone

A

Field farthest from the transducer during formation of the sound beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
hertz Hz
Unit for frequency; equal to 1 cycle per second
26
kilohertz kHz
1000Hz
27
lateral resolution
Minimum distance between two objects at which they still can be displayed as separate objects
28
pulse duration
Time interval required for generating the transmitted pulse
29
Fresnel zone
Field closet to the transducer during formation of the sound beam
30
slice thickness
Thickness of the section in a patient that contributes to echo signals on any one image
31
aliasing
Technical artifact that occurs when the frequency change is so great that it exceeds the sampling view and pulses repetition frequency
32
amplitude
Strength of the ultrasound wave measured in decibels
33
continuous wave (CW) Doppler
One transducer continuously transmits sound and one continuously receives sound; used in high velocity flow patterns
34
Doppler angle
Angle that the reflector path makes with the ultrasound beam; the most accurate velocity is recorded when the beam is parallel to flow
35
Doppler shift
Change in frequency of a reflected wave; cause by motion between the reflector and the transducer's beam
36
dynamic range
Ratio of the largest to the smallest signals that an instrument or a component of an instrument can respond to without distortion
37
frame rate
Rate at which images are updated on the display;dependent on transducer frequency and depth selection
38
gain
Measure of strength of the ultrasound signal
39
gray scale
B-mode scanning technique that permits the brightness of the B mode dots to be displayed in various shades of gray to represent different amplitudes
40
laminar
Normal pattern of vessel flow; flow in the center of the vessel in faster than it is at the edge
41
Nyquistsamping limit
In pulsed Doppler the Doppler signal must be sampled at least twice for each cycle in the wave if Doppler frequencies are to be detected accurately
42
pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
In pulse echo instruments, it is the number of pulses launched per second by the transducer
43
pulsed wave (PW) Doppler
Sound transmitted and received intermittently with one transducer
44
real time
Ultrasound instrumentation that allows the image to be displayed many times per second to achieve a "real time" image of anatomic structure and their motion patterns
45
spectral analysis
Analysis of the entire frequency spectrum
46
spectral broadening
Echo fill in of the spectral windows that is proportional to the severity of stenosis
47
temporal resolution
Ability of the system to accurately depict motion
48
time gain compensation (TGC)
Ability to compensate for attenuation of the transmittal beam as the sound wave travels through tissue in the body
49
gate
Sample site from which the signal is obtained with pulsed Doppler
50
frequency shift
Amount of change in the returning frequency compared with transmitting frequency when the sound waves hits a moving target such as blood in an artery
51
Acoustics is the study of ____, _____, and ___ sound waves.
generation, propagating, receiving
52
Ultrasound is defined as sound frequencies beyond the upper limits of human hearing, that is , greater than ____.
20 kilohertz
53
Name three pioneers who made a significant contribution to ultrasound
Donald Baker, Hertz and Inge Edler, William Fry, Joseph Holmes, Douglass Howry, George Ludwig, Robert Rushmer, John Wild
54
The terms ___, ____, and ____ have all been used to describe a imaging technique by which soft tissue structure of the body are visualized by recording the returning reflection of ultrasonic waves directed into the body.
Diagnostic medical ultrasound, ultrasound, ultrasonography
55
The term that applies to the ultrasound evaluation of cardiac structures is ____.
echocardiograpghy
56
One who preforms ultrasound studies and gather diagnostic data under the direct or indirect supervision of a physician is a ___.
sonographer
57
List the qualities of a good sonograher
Good physical health, emotional stability, communication skills, dedication, independence, ability to conceptualize two dimensional image into 3, intellectual curiosity
58
As the ceramic element vibrates, it periodically presses against and pulls away from the adjacent medium with resultant particle ___ and ___ in the medium
Compression, rarefaction
59
A transducer converts ____ energy into ____ energy.
electrical, mechanical
60
A propagation of energy that moves back and fourth or vibrates at a steady rate is a ____.
waves
61
The time required to produce each cycle depends on the ___ of the transducer.
frequency
62
The distance between two peaks over a period of time is the ___.
wavelength
63
Wavelength is inversely related to frequency, which means that the higher the frequency, the ___ wavelength
shorter
64
As frequencies become higher, the pulse duration ____, yielding a decrease in the depth of field.
decreases
65
The rate at which energy is transmitted is referred to as the ____.
power
66
Power per unit are is defined as ____.
intensity
67
If you double the power, the intensity ____.
Double
68
The piezoelectric effect was first described by the _____ brother in 1880
Curie
69
Air-filled structures, such as lungs and stomach, or gas-filled structures, such as bowel,____. sound transmission.
impede
70
Bone conducts sound at a ____ speed than soft tissue.
faster
71
Normal transmission of sound through soft tissue travels at ____m/sec.
1540
72
Acoustic impedance is the product of the ____ in a medium and the density of that medium.
velocity of sound
73
The angle of reflection is equal to the ___.
angle of incidence
74
If specular are aligned ____ to the direction of the transmitted pulse, they reflect sound directly back to the active crystal elements in the transducer and produce a strong signal.
perpendicular
75
The sum of acoustic energy losses resulting from absorption, scattering, and reflection is the ____.
attenuation
76
Minimum reflector separation along the sound path required to produce separate echos is _____ resolution
axial
77
The ____ resolution refers to the ability to produce separate echoes perpendicular to the sound path; it is affected by transducer diameter and focusing.
lateral
78
Lateral resolution is determined by ____.
beam width
79
______ resolution refers to the ability to resolve objects that are the same distance from the transducer but are located perpendicular to the plane of imaging.
azimuthal
80
Identify 3 criteria that determine the type of transducer selected for a particular examination
examination, size of patient, and amount of fatty or muscular tissue present
81
The number of pulses launched per second is the ____.
pulse repetition frequency
82
If the gain is set too _____, artifactual echo noise will be displayed throughout the image.
high
83
A dynamic presentation of multiple image frames per second over selected area of the body is provided by ___ imaging
real time
84
A one dimensional image displaying the amplitude strength of returning echo signals along the vertical axis and the time (distance) along the horizontal axis is produced by______.
amplitudes modulation
85
The intensity (amplitude) of an echo attained by varying the brightness of a dot correspond to echo strength is displayed by the ___ method.
brightness modulation
86
The condition of assigning each level of amplitude a particular shade of gray is referred to as the _____.
gray scale
87
The ____ displays the time along the horizontal axis and depth along the vertical axis to depict movement, especially in cardiac structures
motion mode
88
With pulsed Doppler, for accurate detection of Doppler frequencies, the Doppler signal must be sampled at least _____ for each cycle in the wave.
twice
89
When the Nyquist limit is exceeded, an artifact called ____ occurs.
aliasing

Ch1 Foundations of Sonography (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions