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Chain Of infection Flashcards

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0
Q

Examples or Protozoa.

A

Amoebiasis, Malaria, Giardia, Taxoplasmosia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

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1
Q

Single-called organisms with well-defined nucleus.

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

A type of diarrheic illness.

A

Amoebiasis.

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3
Q

What causes Amoebiasis?

A

Entamoeba histolytica.

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4
Q

Feeding stage of entamoeba: when there are red blood cells engulfed. They cling to the digestive tract.

A

Entamoeba hystolytica trophozoite.

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5
Q

Infective stage: seen with Entamoeba dispar(excreted through digestion).

A

Entamoeba hystolytica cyst.

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6
Q

A mosquito-borne disease and one of the top 3 infectious diseases in the world.

A

Malaria.

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7
Q

Malaria is caused by?

A

Plasmodium. (Falciparum,vivax, malariae, ovale).

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8
Q

Top infectious diseases of the world: ?

A 
Malaria
Tuberculosis 
HIV
Dysentery-bloody diarrhea
Giardiasis
Taxoplasmosis
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
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9
Q

An infection of the upper small intestine by Giardia lamblia.

A

Giardiasis.

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10
Q

Caused by Taxoplasma Gondii and transmitted to humans by cats and undercooked meat.
May cause fatal death in pregnant women.

A

Taxoplasmosis.

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11
Q

Often fatal and usually seen in patients with compromised mine system such as those with HIV.

A

Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia.

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12
Q

Non-motile, filamentous organism that causes diseases which are hard to treat.

A

Fungi.

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13
Q

Examples of diseases caused by Fungi.

A

Histoplasmosis and Candidiasis.

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14
Q

Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum and is transmitted by inhaling dust from soil that contains bird droppings. Commonly affects the lungs.

A

Histoplasmosis.

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15
Q

Caused by Candida albicans transmitted by contact with infected patients and carriers.
Causes lesions on the skin or mucus membranes, including thrush and vulvovaginitis.

A

Candidiasis.

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16
Q

Single-celled organisms without nucleus.

A

Bacteria.

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17
Q

Examples of diseases caused by bacteria:

A

Tuberculosis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea an other vaccine-preventable diseases.

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18
Q

A chronic lung disease and a major cause of disability in many parts of the world and caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

Tuberculosis.

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19
Q

Are considered as the most widespread std.

A

Chlamydia and gonorrhoea

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20
Q

Genus of bacteria found in the cells of lice, ticks, fleas and mites. Smaller that most bacteria and share some characteristics of viruses.

A

Rickettsia.

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21
Q

Types of typhus and carriers:

A

Epidemic typhus- louse-borne typhus by Rickettsia prowazekii.

Murine typhus- cause by Rickettsia typhi. Carried by cat or cat flea.

Scrub typhus- caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi.

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22
Q

Infectious agents without genes. Causes severe damage to the brain.

A

Prions.

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23
Q

Prion diseases in animals:

A

TME - transmissible Mink Encephalophy

CWD- Chronic Wasting Disease

BSE- Bovine Spongiform Encephalophy

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24
Prions diseases in humans:
CJD-Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease GSS FFI
25
Usual habitat where etiologic agent lives and multiplies.
Reservoir.
26
Reservoirs may be:
Human Animals Environment
27
People infected with an etiologic agent who has not develop the develop diseases began transmitting the agent to others.
Incubatory infections.
28
People infected with an etiologic agent but will not develop diseases began transmitting to others.
In apparent infections.
29
People infected who developed disease but was healed to continue to transmit for weeks and months.
Convalescent carriers.
30
People infected by agent who developed disease healed to continue transmit the agents for years or longer.
Chronic carriers.
31
Mode of transmission:
Direct Transmission | Indirect Transmission
32
Indirect Transmission:
Animate mechanisms - living vectors. Inanimate mechanisms- non living vectors.
33
Portal of Entry:
Enteral Route- alimentary canal Parental route- not alimentary canal.
34
Susceptibility is affected by:
Genetic factors General resistance Immunity
35
Sages of infectious diseases:
``` Incubation stage Prodromal stage Acute stage Declining stage Convalescent stage. ```
36
Susceptibility?
Likelihood of being infected by an etiological agent.
37
Susceptibility is affected by:
Genetic factors Genetic resistance Immunity
38
It's the silent stage. Length depends on the etiological agent.
Incubation Stage.
39
First sign and symptom occurs.
Prodromal Stage.
40
Disease reaches it's highest point of development.
Acute Stage.
41
When symptoms start to subside
Declining Stage.
42
Symptoms neatly vanished.
Convalescent stage.
43
SARS' virus?
Corona virus. (SARS-CoV)
44
SARS is spread through?
Formites, droplets and Airborne.
45
Treatment of SARS?
Supportive Therapy. No med for virus.
46
Antibody also known as
Immunoglobulin (Ig G. A. M. D. E)
47
HAV virus
Picorna virus.
48
HBV virus.
Hepadna-virus
49
HCV virus.
Filo virus.
50
HDV virus.
Hepad-na virus
51
HEV virus
Not classified.
52
HAV and HEV are spread through.
Fecal/oral
53
HAV
Hepatitis A: Single stranded RNA Picornaviridea Through direct contact/ ingestion of contaminated food /water ``` Abrupt Replicates in liver and shed in stool Declines after jaundice appear No chronic carrier No treatment Curable ```
54
HEV
Hep E No chronic carriers No treatment Curable.
55
HBV, HC and HDV.
Spread sexually Chronic carriers There's treatment - not enough to destroy virus. Fatal:dysfunction of liver.
56
Cancer of the liver?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
57
HDV
In the form of DNA strand. Capable of destroying liver more. Suffer more severe signs and symptoms. Common sign: Jaundice (areas of body becoming icteric)
58
Bilirubin
Contains yellow pigments derived from the breakdown of red blood cells.
59
AIDS
Opportunistic infection. | Has already a fungal infection.
60
In AIDS, lymph glands do what?
Shows the degree of infection.
61
3 commonly used blood tests to assess liver function:
Bilirubin ALT-alanine aminotransferase AST- aspartate aminotransferase

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