Chain of infection/ Infection control concepts

Question 1

Chain of infection

Answer 1

A sequence of circumstances where all events must occur to develop an infection

Question 2

Infectious agent(pathogen)

Answer 2

Disease causing microorganism

Question 3

Bacteria (infectious agent)

Answer 3

Single cell organisms that multiply rapidly

Question 4

Viruses (infectious agent)

Answer 4

DNA or RNA is encased in a protein coating. Viruses cannot reproduce outside of a living host cell

Question 5

Protozoa (infectious agent)

Answer 5

Unicellular microorganisms that can infect the blood, brain, intestines and other body areas

Question 6

Fungi (infectious agent)

Answer 6

Tiny primitive organisms, that contain no chlorophyll

Question 7

Helminths (infectious agent)

Answer 7

Parasitic works or flukes (or tape worm)

Question 8

Reservoir

Answer 8

A place where the pathogen grows (e.g. patient, staff member, animal, food) and may or may not multiply

Question 9

Portal of exit

Answer 9

An exit route for pathogens to leave its host (e.g. blood skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract)

Question 10

Mode of transmission

Answer 10

The manner in which an infectious agent moves from one source to another (e.g. touch, airborne droplets, medical instruments, mosquitos, vermin)

Question 11

Two types of HAI contact

Answer 11

Direct, Indirect

Question 12

Direct contact

Answer 12

Person to person or physical contact between source and susceptible host (e.g. fecal, oral)

Question 13

Indirect contact

Answer 13

Involves contact with contaminated inanimate objects (e.g. needles, utensils, hospital equipment)

Question 14

Vector transmission

Answer 14

Occurs when through a bite (e.g. fleas, ticks, mosquitoes)

Question 15

Droplet infection

Answer 15

Occurs when the droplets from an infected person are projected a short distance to the hosts nasal mucosa, mouth or conjunctiva

Question 16

Airborne transmission

Answer 16

Occurs when infectious particles dispersed in the air enter the host by inhalation (e.g., coughing, sneezing)

Question 17

Portal of entry

Answer 17

Place where a pathogen enters the body (e.g. break in skin, mucous membrane, mouth, nose, genitourinary tract)

Question 18

The most effective barrier to infection is

Answer 18

Intact skin

Question 19

Any portal of exit can also become

Answer 19

A portal of entry

Question 20

Susceptible host

Answer 20

A person who becomes ill after pathogens enter the body because the cannot fight off the pathogen

Question 21

A person may be a susceptible host by virtue of

Answer 21

Age, weak state of health, broken skin

Question 22

People who get procedures such as ___, ___, or ____ are also susceptible to infection.

Answer 22

Venipuncture, surgery, or IV

Question 23

_____is the single most effective method of preventing the spread of disease causing microorganisms.

Answer 23

Hand washing

Question 24

Corpsmen should perform hand hygiene before or after any _____ and when _____.

Answer 24

Patient interaction and when visibly soiled

Question 25

Soap or detergent...

Answer 25

Aids in removal of organisms.

Question 26

Aids I’m removal of organisms.

Answer 26

Soap and detergent

Question 27

Antimicrobial

Answer 27

Kills or suppresses the growth of microorganisms

Question 28

Kills or suppresses the growth of microorganisms.

Answer 28

Antimicrobial

Question 29

Chain of infection

Answer 29

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transportation, portal of entry, and susceptible host

Question 30

Wet hands/ wrists thoroughly with _____water, and keep hands/forearms _____than elbows

Answer 30

Warm water, lower than elbows

Question 31

Apply small amount of __to__(mL) of soap

Answer 31

3-5

Question 32

Lather hands for ____sec to ____minutes.

Answer 32

15seconds - 2 minutes

Question 33

Infectious agents

Answer 33

Bacteria, viruses, Protozoa, fungi, helminthes