Challenge A,B, I - Latin

Question 0

15. Gender

Answer 0

There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter

Question 1

14. Nouns

Answer 1

Have gender, number, case, and declension

Question 2

16. All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine

Answer 2

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Question 3

17. All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine

Answer 3

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Question 4

18. The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension or from the vocabularies

Answer 4

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Question 5

19. Number

Answer 5

There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural

Question 6

20. Singular

Answer 6

Speaks of one: via, a road

Question 7

21. Plural

Answer 7

Speaks of more than one: viae, roads

Question 8

22. Case

Answer 8

There are six cases in Latin

Question 9

22. Nominative

Answer 9

The case of the subject

Question 10

22. Genitive

Answer 10

The case of the possessor

Question 11

22. Dative

Answer 11

The case of the indirect object; the ‘to’ or ‘for’ case

Question 12

22. Accusative

Answer 12

The case of the direct object

Question 13

22. Ablative

Answer 13

The ‘by-with-from’ case [Used frequently with prepositions]

Question 14

22. Vocative

Answer 14

The case of the person addressed

Question 15

23. Declension

Answer 15

Declension consists in adding the proper endings to the stem to show the different genders, number, and cases

Question 16

24. Stem

Answer 16

The stem is found by dropping the ending of the genitive singular
vi-ae, stem: vi-

Question 17

26. How to decline a noun

Answer 17

The nominative, genitive, and gender of a noun determine which model it follows. Add the endings of that model to the stem.

Question 18

27. a.) The stem is that part of the word which remains the same in spelling throughout the declension. It gives the meaning of the word. The endings show what the word does in the sentence, whether it is the subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.

Answer 18

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Question 19

30. d.)Names of towns, and domus (home), and rūs (country), have another case - the locative - expressing place where. In singulars of the first and second declensions the locative is like the genitive: Rōmae, at Rome. In all others it is like the ablative: Carthāgine (Carthāgō, Carthāginis), at Carthage. but rūs (country), has rūrī or rūre (in the country).

Answer 19

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Question 20

25. The five declensions

Answer 20

There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the genitive singular.

1: -ae, vi-ae
2: -ī, serv-ī
3: -is, lēg-is
4: -ūs, port-ūs
5: -eī, r-eī

Question 21

28. b.)The vocative of all nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative except in singular nouns in -us of the second declension: these have -e. Serv-e! Slave!
    Exceptions: proper nouns in - ius and fīlius (son), have only -ī in the vocative singular. Vergilius, voc, Vergilī; fīlius, voc, fīlī. The vocative singular of Deus (God) is Deus; the vocative masculine singular of meus is mī; fīlī mī! (my son!)

Answer 21

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Question 22

29. c.)The accusative of neuter nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative

Answer 22

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Question 23

32. a.) First declension gender

Answer 23

All nouns naming individual male persons are masculine. Nauta, ae, (a sailor), masculine. [sailors are usually men]

Question 24

33 b.) First declension gender

Answer 24

All others are feminine | Terra, ae, (land), feminine

Question 25

35. Masculine nouns of the second declension: Gender

Answer 25

Generally masculine

Question 26

36. Masculine nouns of the second declension: note

Answer 26

Proper names in -ius and fīlius, (son), form their vocative singular in -ī. Vergilius, Vergilī; fīlius, fīlī

Question 27

31. The first declension

Answer 27

SINGULAR FORM MEANING USE Nom. terr-a land, the (a) land subject Gen. terr-ae of the (a) land possessive Dat. terr-ae to or for the (a) land indirect object Acc. terr-am the (a) land direct object Abl. terr-ā by, with, from the (a) land PLURAL FORM MEANING USE Nom. terr-ae lands, the lands subject Gen. terr-ārum of the lands possessive Dat. terr-īs to or for the lands indirect object Acc. terr-ās lands, the lands direct object Abl. terr-īs by, with, from the lands

Question 28

All nouns whose genitive ends in -ae are in the first declension

Answer 28

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Question 29

The subject of a finite verb is in the nominative case

Answer 29

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Question 30

A finite verb agrees with its subject in number (and person)

Answer 30

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Question 31

The direct object of a transitive verb is in the accusative case

Answer 31

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Question 32

The verb usually stands last in the sentence

Answer 32

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Question 33

Adverbs usually stand immediately before the word they modify

Answer 33

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Question 34

The possessive case and many English of- phrases are translated by the genitive

Answer 34

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Question 35

All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -ī belong to the second declension

Answer 35

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Question 36

All words of the second declension whose nominative ends in -um are neuter and are declined like vellum

Answer 36

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Question 37

In all neuter nouns and adjectives the accusative is always like the nominative

Answer 37

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Question 38

34. Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension

Answer 38

SINGULAR FORM MEANING USE Nom. serv-us slave, the (a) slave subject Gen. serv-ī of the slave, the slave's possessive Dat. serv-ō to or for the slave indirect object Acc. serv-um the slave direct object Abl. serv-ō by, with, from the slave PLURAL FORM MEANING USE Nom. serv-ī the slaves subject Gen. serv-ōrum of the slaves, the slaves' possessive Dat. serv-īs to or for the slaves indirect object Acc. serv-ōs the slaves direct object Abl. serv-īs by, with, from the slaves

Question 39

37. Neuter Nouns of the Second Declension

Answer 39

SINGULAR FORM MEANING USE Nom. bell-um war, the (a) war. subject Gen. bell-ī of the war possessive Dat. bell-ō to or for the war indirect object Acc. bell-um the war direct object Abl. bell-ō by, with, from the war PLURAL FORM MEANING USE Nom. bell-a the wars subject Gen. bell-ōrum of the wars possessive Dat. bell-īs to or for the wars indirect object Acc. bell-a. the wars direct object Abl. bell-īs by, with, from the wars

Question 40

38. Neuter nouns of the second declension: Gender

Answer 40

All neuter ( there are no exceptions)

Question 41

39. Neuter nouns of the second declension: Note

Answer 41

The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus, the singular Nom. Bellum, acc. Bellum; plural Nom. Bella, acc. Bella

Question 42

40. Vir, virī, (man) and words like ager, agrī (field) and puer, puerī (boy), belong to the second declension. (note the genetive in ī) they are declined like servus except in the nominative (and vocative) singular Thus: (see rules 41 - 43)

Answer 42

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Question 43

``` 41. vir vir-ī vir-ō vir-um vir-ō ``` ``` vir-ī vir-ōrum vir-īs vir-ōs vir-īs ```

Answer 43

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Question 44

``` 42. ager agr-ī agr-ō agr-um agr-ō ``` ``` agr-ī agr-ōrum agr-īs agr-ōs agr-īs. ```

Answer 44

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Question 45

``` 43. puer puer-ī puer-ō puer-um puer-ō ``` ``` puer-ī puer-ōrum puer-īs puer-ōs puer-īs ```

Answer 45

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Question 46

44. Dues, ī, (God) shows peculiarities in the bracketed forms. The vocative singular is Deus. singular plural Nom. deus [di] (deī, diī) Gen. deī deōrum [(deūm)] Dat. deō [dīs] (deīs, diīs) Acc. deum deōs Abl. deō. [dīs] (deīs, [diīs]) the forms in the parentheses occur in some writers

Answer 46

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Question 47

The indirect object is put in the Dative case.

Answer 47

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Question 48

And latin some prepositions are followed by the ablative case, some by the accusative case.

Answer 48

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Question 49

In vocabulary study always learn what case a preposition governs.

Answer 49

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Question 50

After a linking verb the predicate noun is put in the same case as the subject

Answer 50

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Question 51

Forms of the verb sum may stand anywhere in the sentence

Answer 51

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