challenges to the restored order - economic and social divisions Flashcards
(19 cards)
Difference between land in the north and the south?
In the south, soil was inferior and the region was crippled with Malaria
What was landownership like from 1830-47?
land generally owned by absentee landlords and rented by peasant farmers under ‘Latifundia’
What did landless people suffer from?
chronic unemployment
What happened to landownership after Napoleonic rule?
shifted to new middle class
What did an improvement in agriculture lead to?
grain production increased by 25%
what was transport like in the 1830s?
- Naples led the way in 1830s with first railway line completed on 3rd October 1839
- by 1860, 5/6ths of villages and Naples were connected by rail
- BUT only 160km in 1860
- Italy’s geography made it hard to make efficient transport
What did Italy rely on the UK for?
coal imports
What industries grew steadily in the 1830s and 40s?
wool, cotton and silk
what did political divisions lead to?
localised rather than national based economies
what happened to Milan in the depression of 1847-48?
suffered heavily because of a lack of industrial base
by 1840, how many people did the silk industry employ in Lombardy?
70,000
How much did GDP rise in Northern and Central Italy between 1830-60?
0.5%
What was industry like in the south of Italy?
Non-existent
Artisan based
Limited factory resources
What pushed people off the land?
enclosure of the land, rural poverty and disease
industrialisation drew them to cities
Population of Milan and Turin?
M: 1814 –> 36: 139,000 –> 185,000
T: 1800 –> 60: 75,000 –> 170,000
What happened to the church’s land?
sold off, tithes abolished and income reduced
but the Catholic Church still played an important role in social order
what contributed to economic and social stagnation?
- lack of industry
- slow economic growth
- social division
- cultural division
divisions between rich and poor?
- underemployment
- social divisions
- hunger and disease
population rise from 1800-50?
+17.8m created huge demand for food, created famine in poorer regions
