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Weimar Germany - A Level Democracy and Dictatorship in Germany 1919-1963 Unit 2 > Challenges to Weimar 1918-1923 > Flashcards

Challenges to Weimar 1918-1923 Flashcards

1
Q

When was Germany defeated?

A

September 29th 1918

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2
Q

(2 points)

What did the Germans do in order to try to defeat the Allies before large numbers of American troops arrived?

A
  • Defeated Russia in 1917
  • German troops still in
    Northern France and Belgium ~ navy disagreed with armistice ~ ordered the fleet to sea ~ led to a mutiny, followed by the establishment of soviets in many cities across Germany.
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3
Q

What was a negative of Parliament in the Weimar Constitution?

A

Proportional representation ~ made it hard to have a strong and stable government.

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4
Q

What was a positive of Parliament in the Weimar Constitution?

A

Reichstag ~ assembly of people (deputies) who are elected. Held accountable by Reichsrat (delay proposals).

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5
Q

What was a positive of President in the Weimar Constitution?

A

Elected by the people every 7 years.

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6
Q

What is Proportional representation?

A

An electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.

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7
Q

What were the positives of Bill of rights in the Weimar Constitution?

A

The constitution drew up a range of individual rights.
- Personal liberty and free speech.
- Freedom of censorship.
- Equality before the law of all Germans.
- Religious freedom.

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8
Q

What were the negatives of Proportional Representation in the Weimar Constitution?

A

No way to solve proportional representation.

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9
Q

(2 points)

Why was Proportional Representation a focus of criticism post 1945?

A
  • Encouraged the formation of new, small splinter parties ~ made it difficult to form and maintain governments.
  • Became impossible to maintain a majority government ~ coalitions were required ~ greater political instability.
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10
Q

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

A peace treaty signed in 1919 which formally ended WW1.

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11
Q

Who were the big three?

A

David Lloyd George (Britain), Woodrow Wilson (USA) and Clemenceau (France).

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12
Q

How many countries met to create the Treaty of Versailles?

A

32 countries came together.

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13
Q

How much land was taken from Germany? (land)

A

13%

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14
Q

What happened to Rhineland? (Land)

A

It was Demilitarised.

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15
Q

Who was Germany forbidden from uniting with? (Land)

A

Austria.

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16
Q

What land was returned to France? (Land)

A

Alsace-Lorraine.

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17
Q

Why was Germany split in two? (Land)

A

To give Poland access to the Baltic Sea ‘Polish Corridor’.

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18
Q

How much was the German Army reduced to? (Army)

A

100,000.

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19
Q

What happened to the Navy? (Army)

A

Cut to 15,000 sailors and 6 battleships.

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20
Q

What was Germany not allowed? (Army)

A

Tanks, submarines or an air force.

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21
Q

What did Germany have to do by 1921? (Money)

A

Pay £6.6 billion to France and Belgium and give them sheep and cattle.

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22
Q

What were the Allies able to do? (Blame)

A

Demand compensation from Germany (‘War Guilt’).

23
Q

What was Article 231? (Blame)

A

‘War Guilt’.

24
Q

When was the Spartacist Uprising? (Left)

A

Jan 1919.

25
Q

Who were involved in the Spartacist Uprising? (Left)

A
  • Leaders = Liebknecht and Luxemburg.
  • KDP.
26
Q

How much support did the Spartacist Uprising have? (left)

A

100,000 workers went out on strike.

27
Q

What did the Spartacist Uprising try to do? (Left)

A

Armed uprising in Berlin where they tried to turn Germany into a communist nation.

28
Q

How successful was the Spartacist Uprising? (Left)

A

Crushed by the German army and the Freikorps in 3 days and leaders were killed.

29
Q

When was the Red Bavaria? (Left)

A

April 1919.

30
Q

Who was involved in the Red Bavaria? (Left)

A

Eugen Levine.

31
Q

(3 points)

How much support did the Red Bavaria have? (Left)

A
  • Army of workers called the “Red army”.
  • Local support since the end of WW1.
  • 50,000 former soldiers.
32
Q

What did the Red Bavaria try to do? (Left)

A

To establish a communist style govt.
But:
- Private homes protected by the state
- No paper money.
- Factories controlled.

33
Q

(2 points)

How successful was the Red Bavaria? (Left)

A
  • Successful for a month until the Freikorps moved in and crushed the republic with 1,000 deaths.
  • Shifted local politics to the right wing.
34
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch? (Right)

A

March 1920.

35
Q

Who was involved in the Kapp Putsch? (Right)

A

Wolfgang Kapp.

36
Q

How much support did the Kapp Putsch have? (Right)

A

Troops of 12,000 men to march on Berlin.

37
Q

What did the Kapp Putsch try to do? (Right)

A

Take control of Berlin.

38
Q

(2 points)

How successful was the Kapp Putsch? (Right)

A
  • General strike by SPD meant the uprising was ineffective.
  • Kapp was forced to flee after 4 days.
39
Q

When was the Munich Putsch? (Right)

A

November 1923.

40
Q

(4 points)

Who was involved in the Munich Putsch? (Right)

A
  • Hitler.
  • The Nazis.
  • Ludendorff.
  • Von Kahr.
41
Q

(2 points)

How much support did the Munich Putsch have? (Right)

A
  • Nazi party was there as well as multiple ex generals.
  • Temporary support from local leaders.
42
Q

What did the Munich Putsch try to do? (Right)

A

Overthrow the government and march on Munich.

43
Q

(3 points)

How successful was the Munich Putsch? (Right)

A
  • The police and the military moved in with more powerful weapons.
  • Hitler was sent to prison.
  • Long term success but short term failure.
44
Q

When was the Red October? (Left)

A

October 1923.

45
Q

Who was involved in the Red October? (Left)

A

The KPD and the SPD.

46
Q

What did the KPD and SPD do in Saxony & Thuringia during the Red October? (Left)

A

Formed a government.

47
Q

What did the Red October try to do? (Left)

A

Attempt an uprising utilising Proletariat (industrial workers).

48
Q

(4 points)

How successful was the Red October? (Left)

A
  • Easily overthrown.
  • Regional government.
  • Quickly re-established without communists.
  • No further threats.
49
Q

(2 points)

What happened in May 1921? (Year of Crisis)

A
  • Reparations bill set at £6.6 billion.
  • Weimar government resigns and a new Z-SPD-DP coalition determines a policy of ‘fulfilment’ (decided to try and pay the bill).
50
Q

(3 points)

What happened in Autumn 1921? (Year of Crisis)

A
  • The first instalment of the reparations is paid.
  • No attempts to stabilise the currency or cut expenditure/increase taxes.
  • It becomes inevitable that Germany will default (miss the payment).
51
Q

(2 points)

What happened in January 1923? (Year of Crisis)

A
  • Germany default on the payments of timber and coal.
  • French and Belgian troops occupy the Ruhr ~ passive resistance begins (supported by the Weimar government).
52
Q

Why did the government print more money? (August 1923 Year of Crisis)

A

To pay the strikers.

53
Q

(3 points)

What happened in August 1923? (Year of Crisis)

A
  • Inflation spirals out of control ~ hyperinflation.
  • Trade unions do nothing to help
  • Government struggles to manage the situation.
54
Q

(4 points)

What were the impacts of hyperinflation?

A
  • Savings = worthless.
  • Increased support for extremists.
  • People blamed the government for the economic problems.
  • Unemployment increased.

Weimar Germany - A Level Democracy and Dictatorship in Germany 1919-1963 Unit 2 (4 decks)

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