Challenging the succesion 1485 - 99

Question 1

why was Henry not supposed to be King

Answer 1

As his family the Beaufort’s were made legitimate given they never became the monarch

Question 2

what rivals were particularly dangerous to Henry

Answer 2

1. John de la pole earl of Lincoln
2. Edward Plantagenet earl of Warwick

Question 3

on what day was the battle of Bosworth

Answer 3

22 August 1485

Question 4

why was Henry able to beat Richard III

Answer 4

1. His leading nobility didn’t help him (Thomas lord Stanley, sir William Stanley, henry Percy earl of Northumberland)
2. Richard, having a a much larger army was over confident
3. less than a 1/4 of the nobility actually fought for Richard III

Question 5

What difficulties did the Battle of Bosworth show Henry there would be in his reign

Answer 5

Henry could not trust his top nobility as they would mostly act in their own self interests

Question 6

How many men did Henry and Richard have at the Battle of Bosworth

Answer 6

Henry - 5000
Richard - possibly twice as much

Question 7

what measures did Henry use to secure his throne

Answer 7

1. Married Elizabeth of York
2. was coronated in Westminster
3. had parliament backdate his reign

Question 8

What was the significance of Henrys marriage to Elizabeth

Answer 8

It united the houses of Lancaster and York, ending the war of the roses

Question 9

What was the significance of Henrys coronation in Westminster

Answer 9

All the previous monarchs of the last 300 years had been crowned there

Question 10

When did the war of the roses start and end

Answer 10

1455 - 1486

Question 11

When did Henry marry Elizabeth

Answer 11

18 January 1486

Question 12

What was the significance of the backdating of Henrys reign and when was it backdated to

Answer 12

1. it made all those he fought against at Bosworth traitors and could be punished accordingly
2. to the day before the Battle of Bosworth - 21 August 1485

Question 13

When was Henrys coronation

Answer 13

30 October 1485

Question 14

What was Titulus Regius

Answer 14

A declaration of Elizabeth’s parents marriage invalid as to make her illegitimate

Question 15

Why did Henry cancel Titulus Regius

Answer 15

to ensure his marriage to Elizabeth was a uniting of the two houses

Question 16

Who were the few people to receive landed power from Henry

Answer 16

1. Henrys uncle, Jasper Tudor who was created duke of Bedford in 1485
2. Thomas Stanley was made Earl of Derby

Question 17

What Yorkist supporters were rewarded

Answer 17

1. Sir Thomas Lovell who rebelled against Richard was made Treasurer of the household
2. John Morton became Chancellor and the Archbishop of Canterbury

Question 18

When and why did Henry go on royal progress

Answer 18

1. 1486
2. went to the midlands to show himself as king and rally support in the most Yorkist supporting areas

Question 19

How did Henry attempt to make the crowns finances more secure

Answer 19

By passing acts of resumption to increase the wealth of the crown

Question 20

What was the 1486 Act of resumption

Answer 20

an act that allowed Henry to take back all Crown lands that had been gifted away since 1455

Question 21

What are the main dates for the Simnel conspiracy 1487

Answer 21

• 5th May - De la pole and Lovell land in Ireland
• 24th May - Simnel crowned as king in Dublin
• 4th June - the rebel army land in Furness
• 16th June - Henrys army beat the rebels at the battle of stoke

Question 22

Who did Simnel impersonate and why was this a mistake

Answer 22

The Earl of Warwick, a person Henry had in the tower and could therefore produce to disprove his claim

Question 23

How many German mercenaries were sent from burgundy and who were they headed by

Answer 23

2000 soldiers led by martin Schwartz

Question 24

What was Henrys response to the simnel conspiracy

Answer 24

1. he ordered the coats to be guarded
2. he moved northward and westward gathering troops and supplies on the way
3. he made base a Kenilworth castle

Question 25

What was the outcome of the Battle of stoke

Answer 25

Henry won a decisive victory and both Martin Schwartz and john de la pole were killed Francis Lovell disappeared during the battle and was never seen again

Question 26

what happened to Simnel

Answer 26

Henry was understanding that simnel had been used and was put to work in the kings kitchens and rose up the ranks to become royal falconer

Question 27

After the simnel conspiracy how was Henry able to strengthen his position further

Answer 27

He passed 28 acts of attainder

Question 28

what were acts of attainder

Answer 28

a method of declaring someone guilty without trial and allowing all assets to be seized

Question 29

In relation to the Warbeck challenge what happened in 1491

Answer 29

Warbeck appeared in York claiming to be Richard duke of York

Question 30

In relation to the Warbeck challenge what happened in 1492

Answer 30

Warbeck moved to France where he was treated as the king of England

Question 31

In relation to the Warbeck challenge what happened in 1493-95

Answer 31

Warbeck is received by Burgundy and the Holy Roman Empire

Question 32

In relation to the Warbeck challenge what happened in 1495

Answer 32

Warbeck attempts a landing at deal: then flees to Ireland and Scotland

Question 33

In relation to the Warbeck challenge what happened in 1496

Answer 33

Warbeck and James IV invade england

Question 34

In relation to the Warbeck challenge what happened in 1497

Answer 34

1. Tax rebellion in Scotland 2. Warbeck is forced out of Scotland then Ireland and ends up in Cornwall where he is captured

Question 35

In relation to the Warbeck challenge what happened in 1498

Answer 35

Warbeck is taken to the tower

Question 36

In relation to the Warbeck challenge what happened in 1499

Answer 36

Warbeck and Warwick are executed

Question 37

How did henry overcome the Warbeck challenge

Answer 37

1. Treaty of medina del campo (1489) - Spain and England wouldn't support each others enemy's 2. Bonds and recognisances to make his nobility stay loyal to him

Question 38

What were bonds

Answer 38

a written agreement to ensure good behaviour of the nobility

Question 39

what were recognisances

Answer 39

a way of dealing with someone who had already misbehaved by paying a sum

Question 40

what support did Ireland give the two pretenders

Answer 40

1. Ireland was a good jumping of point for invasions of England and so houses many rebels Gerald Fitzgerald (Earl of Kildare) believed helping simnel would strengthen his position in Ireland 2. Henry sent Edward Poynings to Ireland and put Fitzgerald in the tower until 1496

Question 41

what was poynings law

Answer 41

It made it so Irish parliament couldn't be summoned without the kings consent

Question 42

How did Burgundy support Warbeck and how did Henry stop this

Answer 42

1.they provided him with a base and 2000 mercenaries and martin Schwartz 2. Henry imposed a trade embargo that eventually worked as Maximillian wanted to focus on the Italian wars more than economic war with England

Question 43

what was the role of France in helping Warbeck and how did Henry stop this

Answer 43

1. they gave him safety from Henry 2. Henry invaded France with the intention of opening negotiations with Charles which when these occurred went positively for Henry as he secured the treaty of Estaples

Question 44

What did Henry achieve from the Treaty of Estaples

Answer 44

1. Charles would not harbour Henrys enemy's 2. he would pay Henry a pension of 50,000 crowns per annum

Question 45

what was the role of Scotland in helping Warbeck and how did henry stop this

Answer 45

1. Scotland being the traditional enemy of England houses Warbeck and James IV allowed Warbeck to marry his cousin Lady Catherine Gordon as well as providing an army for him to invade England with 2. Henry didn't do much he just tackled the invasion and proved he wouldn't be easily removed disincentivising James to continue James then expelled Warbeck