Champagne Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
How many kings were crowned in the Cathedral of Reims?
A
27
2
Q
How were Champagne wines known in the 9th century?
A
Vins de la Montagne and Vins de la Riviére
3
Q
What was the first Champagne House
A
Ruinart
4
Q
What is the name of the Champagne classification?
A
Echelle des Crus
5
Q
When did Champagne enter its golden age?
A
1920s
6
Q
What can regions outside of Champagne use to indicate the use of the Method Champegnois?
A
Méthode traditionnelle
7
Q
What is the most northerly of all French wine regions?
A
Champagne
8
Q
Where is Champagne located?
A
49 and 49.5 parallel north
9
Q
What is the climate in Champagne?
A
Dual: Continental and Maritime
10
Q
Primary soils of Champagne?
A
Belemnite and Micraster Chalk
11
Q
What are the growing areas with chalk sub-soil called?
A
Dry Champagne. Top soil does not retain moisture
12
Q
What is Marl?
A
Limestone and clay soils
13
Q
Where is Kimmeridgian Marl found?
A
Cotes de Bar
14
Q
What are the soils of the Cote de Sezanne?
A
chalk and clay
15
Q
What is the preferred chalk soil in France?
A
Belemnite
16
Q
Where is Chalk Found in Champagne?
A
Montagne de Reims and Monts de Berru, Coteaux sud d’Epernay, Cotes de Blancs and surroundings and Montgeux
17
Q
What is chalk?
A
Type of limestone with water retention capacity
18
Q
Marl soils are common in?
A
Montagne de Reims, Val du Reims, Vallée de l Marne, and Val de Petit Morin
19
Q
What is Kimmeridgian Marl?
A
Marl with fossils of oysters
20
Q
Val de Reims and Vallee de la Marne contain which soils?
A
Marl, sand and clay
21
Q
Val du Petit Morin soils?
A
Chalk and clay, marls and sands
22
Q
Grande Montagne de Reims is mostly planted to?
A
Pinot Noir
23
Q
Massif de Saint-Thierry is dominated by?
A
Pinot Meunier
24
Q
Monts de Berru is dominated by?
A
Chardonnay
25
Val de Reims dominated by?
Pinot Meunier
26
Grand Vallée de la Marne dominated by?
Pinot Noir
27
Coteaux Sud d'Epernay is dominated by?
Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier
28
Rive Gauche is dominated by?
Pinot Meunier
29
Rive Doit is dominated by?
Pinot Meunier
30
Condé is dominated by?
Pinot Meunier
31
Valle de la Marne Ouest dominated by?
Pinot Meunier
32
What grape dominates the Cote des Blancs?
Chardonnay
33
Vals du Petit Morin dominated by?
Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier
34
Cotes de Sezzane are planted to?
Chardonnay
35
Vitry le Francois planted to?
Chardonnay
36
Montgeux planted to?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
37
Bar sur Aubois plantings?
Pinot Noir on Kimmeridgian Marl
38
Barsequanais how many river valleys?
5
39
Plantings of the Barsequanais?
Pinot Noir on Kimmeridgian Marl
40
What were the principal grapes of early Champagne?
Gouais Blanc and Noir and Fromentau
41
What is a synonym por Fromentau?
Pinot Gris
42
What are the primary grapes of Champagne today?
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier
43
What is the ancestral fermentation?
A single fermentation that undergoes a winter pause
44
Who crafted the first sparkling wine?
Monks of St. Hilaire (Languedoc)
45
What were the challenges of the rural method?
Vignerons could not control the nature of the wine that would emerge each spring. Cloudiness
46
What is the champagne process?
1. Grapes are hand-harvested and fermented into still wine
2. Wine is blended with other still wines to create a house style and with liqueur de tirage- assemblage
3. Second fermentation happens in the bottle
4. Remuage
5. Dégorgement
47
What is a cuvée
Blend
48
Name residual sugar from lowest to highest
```
Brut Nature (no dosage) 0-0.3%
Extra Brut 0-0.6%
Brut 0-1.2%
Extra Sec (dry) 1.2-1.7%
Dry (sec) 1.7%-3.2%
Demi-sec 3.2-5%
Doux (over 5%)
```
49
Are the grapes picked with less sugar in Champagne?
True
50
Why do Champagne houses blend?
Consistency
51
What is Tirage?
Bottling
52
What is liqueur de tirage?
Yeast and sugar mixed into the cuvee before bottling
53
What are lattes
Thin strips of wood in the cellar that separate the bottles during bottle fermentation. Storage sur lattes
54
What is the Prise de Mousse
Seizing of the foam. Second fermentation
55
What is sur lie aging
aging with dead yeast cells
56
Aging requirements for NV champagne
min. of 12 months on the lees and 15 months on the cellar from bottling (tirage) to release
57
Aging for Vintage Champagne
3 years in the cellar
58
What is Remuage?
Riddling of the bottles from vertical to the horizontal position
59
Who is Remuage credited to?
Veuve Cliquot widow. She invented the A shape riddling rack
60
What is Dom Perignon credited for?
The Cuvee
61
What is pupitre?
A shape riddling rack
62
What do mechanized gyropalettes do?
Riddling
63
What is Dégorgement?
Yeast is chilled, collects in the neck of the bottle, turns into an ice plug and is then ejected
64
What is transversage?
750 ml bottles used to fill bigger bottles (for large format bottles only)
65
What is a la volée?
The traditional method of disgorgement. Wine is not chilled and is removed by hand.
66
What is juponé
skirt or mushroom-shaped cork- first few years when released from the bottle
67
What is an older cork when releases?
peg-shaped. Chevillé
68
Who invented the cork?
Spanish
69
Who manufactured a product that would withstand 6 atmospheres pressure?
English
70
How many AOCs in Champagne?
3 two still and one sparkling
71
What are the Champagne region AOCs?
AOC Champagne (sparkling) AOC Coteaux Champenois (still), Rosé des Ricesys (still)
72
AOC Champagne
100% sparkling, methode champenois
73
What white grapes can be used in AOC Coteaux Champenois?
Chardonnay, pinot blanc, pinot gris, arbanne, petit meslier
74
What red grapes can be used in AOC Coteaux Champenois?
Pinot Meunier, Pinot Noir
75
Most of the wine in AOC Coteaux Champenoi is?
Non-vintage and white. Red and rosé also produced
76
What is the principal grape for Rosé des Riceys?
Pinot Noir
77
What is the Rosé des Riceys area?
Les Riceys in the Aube (Barséquanais)
78
What does the Echelle des Crus do?
Rank villages and vineyards
79
Eschelle des Crus ranking
100% Grand Cru
90-99% Premier Cru
80-89% AOC elegible for Champagne production
80
Does Grand Cru signify a single vineyard?
No
81
Is the Eschelle still used to set prices for grapes?
Not since 2003
82
What is Vintage Champagne
Only crafted in good vintages
83
What is non-vintage champagne
House style through multiple vintages
84
What is a Tete de Cuvee
Prestige bottlings, non-plus ultra
85
What is Blanc de Noir?
White sparkling made from black grapes (Pinot Noir and/or Pinot Meunier)
86
What is Blanc the Blanc?
A white sparkling made from white grapes (Chardonnay)
87
What is RD or Late discorged?
Prolonged aging on the lees
88
What is NM on Champagne label?
Negociant-manipulant. Producers that incorporate grapes from others. Big Champagne houses
89
What is RM on Champagne label?
Recolant-manipulant. Vinifies only his own grapes
90
What is RC on Champagne label?
Recoltant cooperateur- affiliated with cooperative cellar
91
What is SR on Champagne label?
Group of growers who jointly vinify and sell one communal or several communical brands
92
What is CM on Champagne label?
Cooperative de Manipulation: cooperative cellar that vinifies the grapes of its member growers
93
What is MA on Champagne label?
Marque auxiliauire- Private label
94
What is ND on Champagne label?
Negociant distribuiter- Purchases wine and distributes it under its own private label
95
Most widely planted grape in Champagne?
Pinot Noir
96
What is assemblage in Champagne?
Assemblage is the blending of various non vintage fermented base wines to create the taste that will become the unique cuvee
97
What is the climate in Champagne?
Continental with Maritime/Atlantic influences
98
Cotes de Blancs is planted to
Chardonnay
99
Cotes de Sezzane is planted to
Chardonnay
100
Valle de la Marne is planted to
Pinot Meunier
101
Cotes de Bar is planted to
Pinot Noir
102
Champagne sub-region located in Aube?
Cotes de Bar
