Champagne & Sparkling Flashcards
(338 cards)
1
Q
In 1985, what change was made to the Échelle de Crus?
A
A revision set the minimum percentage at 80
2
Q
Belemnite chalk
A
Derived from fossilized remains of millions of extinct Cephalopods and has a high limestone content
3
Q
Tete de cuvée of Devaux
A
Cuvée distinction
4
Q
What percentage of vineyards do merchant houses own in Champagne?
A
Just over 10%
5
Q
When is the additional acreage added to Champagne forecasted to affect sales?
A
2021
6
Q
What does Pinot Noir lend to a Champagne blend?
A
Supports the wine’s structure, richness and body
7
Q
Tete de cuvée of Drappier
(Monoparcel wine of Drappier)
A
Charles de Gaulle; Grande Sendree
8
Q
What was Dom Pérignon’s lasting contribution to Champagne? Where was he the cellar master?
A
Blending
- Abbey of Hautvillers (1668-1715)
9
Q
In 2006, what were the yields in Champagne?
A
They surpassed 82hl/ha
10
Q
What did the winemaking treatise of 1718 highlight?
A
Division of quality between vin de cuvée and vin de taille, when pressing red grapes for white juice
11
Q
Tete de cuvée of Delamotte
A
Nicolas Louis Delamotte
12
Q
What does Pinot Meunier mean?
A
“Miller’s” Pinot - in reference to the dusty leaves
13
Q
Name 4 Champagne producers that disgorge late.
A
Bollinger “RD” (Récemment Dégorge)
Jacquesson “DT” (Dégorgement Tardif)
Dom Pérignon “Oenotheque”
Bruno Paillard
14
Q
Tete de cuvée of Henri Abele (2)
A
Soirees Parisiennes, La souriere de Reims
15
Q
Tete de cuvée of Jacquart (2)
A
Cuvee Alpha, Brut de Nominee (discontinued)
16
Q
What is the mean annual temperature of Champagne?
A
50ºF (10ºC)
17
Q
Tete de cuvée of Canad Duchene
A
Charles VII brut
18
Q
What was the first single vineyard Champagne?
A
1935 Philiponnt “Clos de Goisses”
19
Q
Tete de cuvée of De Castellane
A
Cuvee Commador (No longer produced)
20
Q
What does RC mean?
A
Recoltant Coopérateur
- A grower whose grapes are vinifed at a cooperative, but sell under his own label
21
Q
What is the dominant grape of Côte de Sezanne?
A
Chardonnay
22
Q
Monoparcel wines of Larmandier Bernier (2)
A
VV de Cramant, Terre de Vertus
23
Q
Tete de cuvée of pannier
A
Egerie
24
Q
What is the second layer soil that characterizes Champagne’s valley vineyards?
A
Micraster Chalk - name for the extinct sea urchin
25
Tete de cuvée of Rene Geoffrey
Premier cru a Cumieres
26
How is the majority of German Sekt produced?
Tank or Continuous Method
27
What moderates the amount of land a firm may farm, owned or rented, in Champagne? What is the max hectares?
Contrôle Structures
- 15 hectares
28
Name 6 appellations in France that may be mousseux or pétillant and are produced by the traditional method.
- Vouvray (Chenin Blanc, Orbois)
- Montlouis-sur-Loire (Chenin Blanc)
- Saumur (Chenin Blanc)
- Vin de Savoie
- Seyssel (Savoie) (10% Altesse, Molette, and Chasselas)
- Blanquette de Limoux (90% Mauzac, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc)
29
Tete de cuvée of Herriot
Cuvée des enchanteleurs
30
Tete de cuvée of Duval-Leroy
Femme de Champagne
31
Tete de cuvée of Devaux
Cuvée distinction
32
What is another name for the Continuous Method?
Russian Continuous Method
33
Monoparcel wine of Egly Ouriet
Les Crayeres
34
Tete de cuvée of Laurent Perrier (2)
Grand siecle, grand siecle Alexandra rose
35
What does CM mean?
Coopérative Manipulant
- A growers’ co-operative that produces wine under a single brand
36
What important houses were founded in the 18th century?
Ruinart
Taittinger
Moët et Chandon
Delamotte
Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin
37
Monoparcel wines of Krug (2)
Clos du Mesnil, Clos d’ambonnay
38
Tete de cuvée of Pierre Gimonnet
Gastronome
39
Special club
Originated in 1971 with a dozen grower-producers. They are now 24 RM which offer estate bottled, vintage dated wines that represent the pinnacle of each individual growers style. All special club bottles and labels share an identical designs.
40
What does RC mean?
Recoltant Coopérateur
- A grower whose grapes are vinifed at a cooperative, but sell under his own label
41
What are the responsibilities for the CIVC?
Mediating relationships between growers & producers
Oversee production methods and promotion
Regulates the size of the harvest
Authorizes the blocage (reserve) and deblocage (release) of wine/harvest
Safeguards the protected designation of Champagne
Until 1990, they regulated the pricing of the grapes
42
What percent of grapes must originate from a grower’s own vineyards for RM?
95%
43
When did the INAO decide to meet the burden of demand and broaden the appellation’s area? From what to what?
2009
- 319 to 357
44
What are the steps of Méthode Champenoise?
Pressing
Débourbage
Chaptalization
Prim. Fermentation
Clarification
Assemblage
Cold Stabilization
Racking
Bottling (liqueur de tirage)
Prise de Mousse (2nd Ferment)
Autolysis
Pointage
Remuage
Dégorgement
F
Corked w/muselet
45
What did the Champenoise use to color their wines to compete w/the deeper hues of red Burgundy?
Elderberry
46
In 1992, what did the CIVC set the limit for grape pressing to?
102L for 160kg (2,550L for 4,000kg)
47
Name 7 AOPs for traditional method Crémant in France.
Crémant de Bordeaux
Crémant de Bourgogne
Crémant de Loire
Crémant de Limoux
Crémant de Die
Crémant du Jura
Crémant d’Alsace
48
Tete de cuvée of Salon
Le mesnil
49
Tete de cuvée of Mercier
Cuvée Eugene
50
Tete de cuvée of union champagne
(Aka de saint gall) cuvée orpale BdB
51
Chardonnay adds:
Acid, elegance, toasty nutty/ vanilla flavors with age
52
Pinot noir adds:
Body, structure, texture, aroma, length
53
Types of presses allowed
Pneumatic, pressoir de champagne
54
Micraster chalk
Named for a extinct sea urchin
55
In 2012, what did Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Pinot Meunier plantings account for in Champagne?
Pinot Noir - 38%
Chardonnay - 30%
Pinot Meunier - 32%
56
Elevage
Nv wines must age a min of 15 months from date of tirage. Vintage wines require a minimum of 36 months
57
6 1er crus of Cote de Blancs (94%+)
Bergeres-les-vertus (95%), chouilly (r95%, w100%), cuis (w95%), grauves (w95%), vertus (95%), villeneunve- renneville- chevigny (95%)
58
Aoc established in…
1936
59
Pointage
In the past during lees aging, bottles would be shaken to keep sediment from sticking to the glass
60
Which Grand Cru is red only? White only?
Red - Tours-sur-Marne (Vallée de la Marne)
- White - Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)
61
When was the CIVC formally established?
1941
62
When did “mousseux” first appear in connotation w/the wines of Champagne?
1724
Although Champenoise may have enjoyed intentionally sparkling wines as early as 1700
63
What does MA mean?
Marque d’Acheteur
A “buyer’s own brand”, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label
64
Describe the continuous method steps.
Base wine is pumped through a series of interconnected (continuous) tanks
While undergoing 2nd ferment
Lees accumulate in the first several tanks
Offering a high degree of autolyzed flavors than the standard (tank) method
65
How long does remuage take?
Traditional ~ 8 weeks
- Modern ~ 1 week
66
What are the Grand Crus of Vallée de la Marne?
Aÿ
- Tours-sur-Marne (Red grapes only)
67
What does Pinot Meunier lend to a Champagne blend?
Youthful fruitiness and approachability
68
What does the Charmat Method emphasize in a sparkling wine?
Fruit and varietal aromatics
69
What is the dominant soil of the Aube?
Clay
70
What are the requirements for Special Club members?
Viticulture must occur on the estate (only RM producers may join)
Vinification and bottling must occur on the estate
The “Special Club” is the top-of-the-range, prestige cuvée for all members
Must have identical labels and bottle shape
71
How many bottles did the Champenoise ship worldwide?
338.7 million
72
Why was the CIVC founded?
Built on the framework of the Commissions de Châlons
A broader consortium of growers, producers and shippers
To represent the Champagne industry and protect its interests in the face of Nazi occupation
73
What are the standard bottle sizes larger than a magnum for Champagne?
Jeroboam (3L)
Rehoboam (4.5L)
Methusaleh (6L)
Salmanazar (9L)
Balthazar (12L)
Nebuchadnezzar (15L)
Solomon (18L)
74
When was Champagne delimited? What region was left out? When was it added?
1908
Aube
1927
75
What is aspersion?
A viti technique. A system automatically sprays water on the vines when vineyard temperatures drop below freezing. The frost expands its energy in freezing the water, leaving the delicate shoots and buds safely cocooned in ice.
76
11 1er crus of Montagne de riems (94%+)
Billy-le-grand (95%), chigny-les-roses (94%), ludes (94%). Montbre (94%), Rilly-la-Montagne (94%), taissy (94%), tauxieres-mutry (99%), trepail (95%), trois-puits (94%), vaudemange (95%), villers-marmery (95%)
77
What size bottles is transvasage permitted for?
Smaller than the half bottle and larger than the Jeroboam
78
What is a reserve wine?
Wine kept in reserve from previous years. Used as dosage to make younger wines richer, fuller, and more complex
79
What does ND mean?
Négociant Distributeur
- A middle man company that distributes Champagne it did not make
80
Who makes Nec-Plus-Ultra?
Bruno Paillard (‘90) (NM)
81
Name 5 RM producers
Henri Billiot
Guy Larmandier
Jacques Selosse
Vilmart
Agrapart
82
Who makes Cuvee Julie?
Henri Billot (‘99) (RM)
83
Name 5 special club members
Paul Bara
Gaston Chiquet
Pierre Gimonnet
Henri Goutorbe
Marc Hebrart
Juillet-Lallement
Larmandier
J. Lassalle
A. Margaine
Mousse Fils
84
How many g/L RS are permitted for Doux?
Pre-2010 - 50+g/L
- Current - 50+g/L
85
Name a producer of Cap Classique.
Graham Beck
86
Who makes Venus Brut Nature?
Agrapart (100% Chard) (RM)
87
What subsoil is pushed to the surface on Champagne’s slopes?
Belemnite Chalk
88
What percentage of the year’s harvest for a single house may be sold as vintage Champagne?
max 80%
89
When was compost fertilizer outlawed in Champagne?
1998
90
What is Ca’ del Bosco’s prestige cuvee?
Annamaria Clementi
91
What are the aging requirements for Franciacorta NV?
18 months on lees and cannot be released until 25 months from harvest
92
Who makes Cuvee Paradis?
Alfred Gratien (NM) (NV)
93
What is the oldest Champagne house still in operation today?
Gosset
- Est. in 1584 as a still wine producer
94
What are the requirements for Franciacorta released as Vintage?
(Millesimato) 37 month minimum aging before release and 85% of the grapes must come from the stated year
95
What are the requirements for Franciacorta Reserva?
Must be vintage dated with 5 years on lees and not released until 67 months from harvest
96
When did Franciacorta receive DOCG status?
1995
97
How many atmospheres of pressure are in a Champagne bottle?
5-6
98
What is the primary grape of the Aube?
Pinot Noir
99
Who makes Cuvee Laetitia?
Henri Billiot (RM)
100
Who makes Coeur de Cuvee?
Vilmart (‘89) (RM)
101
What are the still wines from Franciacorta DOCG zone released as?
Either Curtefranca DOC or Sebino IGT
102
Who makes Cuvee Speciale les Chentillons?
Pierre Peters (100% Chard) (‘83) (RM)
103
What are the requirements for Franciacorta Rose?
Minimum 35% Pinot Nero and must be made by blending
104
What are the sweetness levels for Champagne?
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Dry
Sec
Demi-Sec
Doux
105
What are the best villages of the Cote de Sezanne?
Bethon
Villenauxe-la-Grande
106
What is Pinot Blanc Vrai?
“True” Pinot Blanc, a white form of Pinot Noir
107
Who released the first Tête de Cuvée?
Moët et Chandon’s 1921 “Dom Pérignon” was released in 1936
108
What is done in Méthode Ancestrale prior to sale?
The wine is disgorged, filtered and rebottled in clean glass
109
What is “sur latte” and “sur point”?
“sur latte” - during the 2nd ferment, the bottles are typically horizontal (sur latte)
“sur point” - the bottles are vertical (sur point) at the end of remuage and rested
110
What is the average vine age in Champagne?
20 years - as lowered productivity is undesirable to most houses in Champagne
111
Who developed the Charmat Method in the late 20th century?
Eugene Charmat
112
What is vin clairs?
High-acid base wines with an approximate ABV of 11%
113
What is bouvreux?
A second crop
- When rain interrupts flowering, a bouvreux results, that rarely ripens and is left on the vine
114
How much does the ABV rise during the second fermentation?
~1.2-1.3%
115
Name 6 countries major Champagne houses have established outposts in.
USA
Australia
Argentina
Brazil
New Zealand
Ukraine
116
What is liqueur de tirage?
A mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar and a fining agent that will serve to ignite the 2nd fermentation
117
What is the prominent grape of Vallée de la Marne?
Pinot Meunier (Frost prone region)
118
What is the first 2,550 L pressed from 4,000kg divided into?
vin de cuvée (2,050L)
- vin de taille (500L)
119
Name 2 other names for the Charmat Method.
Cuve Close
- Tank Method
120
What are the 4 vineyards concerns of Champagne?
Frost
Rain
Fungal Disease
Hail
121
What is a bidule?
A plastic capsule that will serve to capture the sediment during remuage
122
Is a cork used during the second fermentation bottling?
Usually a crown cap, a cork sometimes (i.e. for prestige cuvées)
123
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
123
How many liters is a Methusaleh?
6 L (8 bottles)
124
How many liters is a Methusaleh?
6 L (8 bottles)
125
What is “les bleus de ville”?
Remnants of the blue rags used to ship Parisian compost trash, formerly used for fertilizer
126
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
127
What are the two types of dégorgment?
Dégorgement à la glace - modern
Dégorgement à la volée - older method
Same, just no freezing, wine is lost
128
What is the liqueur d’expedition?
Dosage - mixture of wine and sugar syrup
129
What is a Solomon bottle size called in Bordeaux?
Melchior
130
What is a Tête de Cuvée?
A prestige cuvée, usually the pinnacle of quality for a producer
131
Describe Belemnite Chalk.
Porous
Derived from the fossilized remains of millions of cephalopods
Absorbing heat to protect the vines at night
Providing excellent drainage
132
What is the pressing limit for Crémant?
100L from 150kg = 2,666L from 4,000kg
133
What is a pupitre?
Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright “A” shape
Each plank has 60 angled holes cut into it
134
What is Rosé de Riceys?
100% Pinot Noir Rosé
- Produced in Les Riceys (Aube)
135
What is remuage?
Riddling
136
What is an autoclave?
A pressurized enamel-lined tank for the 2nd fermentation for the Charmat Method
137
How many liters is a Balthazar?
12 L (16 bottles)
138
How many liters is a Nebuchadnezzar?
15 L (20 bottles)
139
What is a “marc” of grapes?
4,000kg - the amount held in a traditional basket press (coquard)
140
What are the 5 districts of Champagne?
Montage de Reims
Vallée de la Marne
Cote de Blancs (the Aube)
Cote de Sézanne
Cote de Blancs
141
What is assemblage?
Blending
142
What bottle size was discontinued in 1989? Why?
Rehoboam - 4.5L (6 bottles)
- Regulations state bottles must be in liter increments
143
What pruning methods are permitted in Champagne?
Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Vallée de la Marne
Double or Simple Guyot
144
What percentage of the blend must come from the stated vintage?
100%
145
What major change in the late 17th century allowed the English to probably have enjoyed the first true sparkling Champagne?
The English transferred Champagne from cask to stronger, coal fired glass that could contain the pressure. Previously, wood-fired glass was used
146
What region outside of France is considered a natural continuation of the chalk in Champagne?
White Cliffs of Dover (England)
147
What is transvasage?
Transfer Method
Remuage is unnecessary, the wine is disgorged into a pressurized tank and filtered
Dosage is added and the wine is transferred to a clean bottle under pressure
148
What is Coteaux Champenois?
Still red, white & rosé for the entire appellation of Champagne
149
What is the topsoil of most of Champagne?
Sandy and clay
150
What portion of the Champagne sold is produced by growers?
Under a quarter
151
What is débourbage?
Settling of the must
152
What direction do the vineyards of the Côte de Blancs face?
Southeast and east
153
What portion of the Champagne market is NV?
3/4th
154
Is all Cava traditional method?
yes
155
How many g/L of RS are permitted for Demi-Sec?
Pre-2010 - 33-50g/l
- Current - 32-50g/l
156
How many g/L of RS is permitted for Extra Brut?
Pre-2010 - 0-6g/l
- Current - 0-6g/l
157
What parallel is Champagne located on?
48th
158
What vintage during WWI (1914-1918) was considered one of the finest vintages of the century?
1914
159
What was the Commissions de Châlons?
Predecessor to the CIVC
Est. in 1935
A consortium of growers and merchants
Formed to develop quality standards and regulate pricing
160
What is a matriculation number?
A series of digits that is a unique ID assigned to each producer by the CIVC
161
What is the Prise de Mousse?
Second Fermentation
162
How many liters is a Solomon?
18L (24 bottles)
163
The early unpredictability of sparkling wines created a need for terminology, what were those terms?
Pétillant
Demi-Mousseux (Crémant)
Grand Mousseux
164
What is the “Club Trésors”? When was it organized?
Special Club
- 1971
165
How long must NV wines spend on their lees?
12 Months
166
What are bourbes?
Solids, generally removed by racking prior to fermentation
167
How long must NV wines remain in the cellar? Vintage?
15 months
- 36 months
168
How many g/l of RS are permitted for Extra Dry?
Pre-2010 - 12-20g/l
- Current - 12-17g/
169
What is a remuer?
A riddler
170
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
171
What are the obscure authorized varieties of Champagne?
Pinot Blanc Vrai
Arbane
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier
172
Must a prestige cuvée be vintage?
Usually (but not always)
173
What are the still wine appellations of Champagne?
Coteaux Champenois
- Rosé de Ricey
174
What coloring methods are permitted for pink Champagne?
Saignée
- Blending (more common)
175
How many liters is a Salmanazar?
9L (12 bottles)
176
What does SR mean?
Société de Récoltants
A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands
177
How many bottles does a gyropalette hold?
504
178
From 2010 forward, producers are allowed what margin for g/l RS for styles?
+/- 3 g/l of RS
179
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
179
What is the wire cage used to secure the cork called?
Muselet
180
How many g/l of RS are permitted for Sec?
Pre-2010 - 17-35g/l
- Current - 17-32g/l
181
At what pressure is the Charmat 2nd fermentation stopped? How?
Usually 5 atmospheres
- Chilling the wine to arrest the fermentation
181
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
182
Where did Otto Klaebisch, the weinführer, take residence during WWII?
Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Estate
183
What does CIVC stand for? When was it founded?
Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne
- 1941, by Count Robert-Jean Vogüé of Moët et Chandon
184
What are the 3 extractions in the pressing process called?
Vin de cuvée
Vin de taille
Rebêche
185
What are the Grand Crus of Montagne de Reims (north to south)?
Sillery
Puisieulx
Beaumont-sur-Vesle
Verzenay
Mailly
Verzy (added in 1985)
Louvois
Bouzy
Ambonnay
186
How many g/l of RS is permitted for Brut?
Pre-2010 - 0-15g/l
- Current - 0-12g/l
187
How many liters is the extraordinarily rare Primat? What is it also known as?
AKA Goliath
- 27L (36 bottles)
188
How long is Asti DOCG required to remain in tank?
1 Month
189
What two premier crus have a 99% ranking échelle?
Mareuil-sur-Aÿ (Vallée de la Marne)
- Tauxières (Montagne de Reims)
190
Is a dosage allowed for méthode ancestrale wines?
No, RS of the finished wines vary by appellation
191
What is rebêche?
The third extraction
Required by law and must comprise 1-10% of the total pressing
Used for distillate
191
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
192
What is the Échelle de Crus?
A percentile system by which the villages, or crus, of Champagne are rated
Grand Cru = 100%
Premier Cru = 99-90%
193
What does RM mean?
Récoltant Manipulant
- A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit
194
Who released the first brut Champagne? When?
Pommery “Nature”
- 1874
195
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
196
What grape is prominent in the Montagne de Reims?
Pinot Noir
197
How many liters is a Jeroboam?
3L (4 bottles)
198
Name 3 examples of Méthode Ancestrale
Bugey de Cerdon
Clairette de Die Méthode Dioise Ancestrale
Gaillac Mousseux Méthode Gaillaçoise
199
Who were the major suppliers to domestic markets in France in the 2nd half the 20th century?
Co-ops
200
When did Champagne receive AOC status? What is unique about Champagne’s AOC status?
1936
- It is the only AOC/AOP that does not need to be included on the label
200
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
201
What are the Grand Crus of the Côte de Blancs (North to South)?
Chouilly (White grapes, added in 1985)
Oiry (1985)
Cramant
Avize
Oger (1985)
Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (1985)
202
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
203
What is “pointage”?
A brisk shake to prevent the sediment from sticking to the sides of the bottle during remuage
-Newer strains generally preclude the need
204
What is the name of the Veuve Clicquot?
Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin
205
Name 2 wineries leading the way in England sparkling wine.
Located in Sussex
Ridgeview Estate
Nyetimber
206
How long does the 2nd fermentation last?
Up to 8 weeks
207
What is a half bottle called?
Demi
208
How many liters is the extraordinarily rare Sovereign?
25 L (33.33 bottles)
209
Tete de cuvée of Charles Heidsieck
Charlie, Blanc des Millenaires
210
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
211
Tete de cuvée of Deutz (3)
Cuvée William Deutz Rose, Cuvée William Deutz, Amour de Deutz
212
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
213
Tete de cuvée of Deutz (3)
Cuvée William Deutz Rose, Cuvée William Deutz, Amour de Deutz
214
Tete de cuvée of G. H. Mumm
Rene lalou
215
Tete de cuvée of Gosset (2)
Celebris
216
Tete de cuvée of Heidsick Monopole
Diamant Bleu
217
Tete de cuvée of Jacques Selosse
Substance NV
218
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
219
Tete de cuvée of Joseph Perrier
Cuvée Josephine
220
Tete de cuvée of Lanson
Noble cuvée
221
Tete de cuvée of Louis Roederer
Cristal
222
Tete de cuvée of Moët & Chandon (2)
Dom perignon, Dom perignon rose
223
Tete de cuvée of Nicolas Feuillate
Palm d’or rose
224
Tete de cuvée of Perrier jouet (3)
Belle Époque brut, Belle Époque rose, Fleur de Champange
225
Monoparcel wine of Philliponnat
Clos des goisses
226
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
227
Tete de cuvée of Piper Heidsieck
Rare
228
Tete de cuvée of pol roger
Cuvée sir Winston Churchill
229
Tete de cuvée of Pommery (2)
Cuvée Louise, cuvée Louise rose
230
Tete de cuvée of Ruinart Pere et Fils
Dom Ruinart BdB
231
Tete de cuvée of taittinger (2)
Comtes de champagne BdB, comtes de champagne rose
232
Tete de cuvée of Veuve Clicquot (2)
La Grande Dame, la grande dame rose
233
Piccolo
187 ml
234
Demi
375 ml
235
Bottle
750 ml
236
Magnum
1.5 L (2 bottles)
237
Jeroboam
3 L (4 bottles)
238
Methuselah
6L (8 bottles)
239
Salmanazar
9L (12 bottles)
240
Balthazar
12L (16 bottles)
241
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
242
Nebuchadnezzar
15L (20 bottles)
243
Solomon
18L (24 bottles)
244
Non vintage NV
Generally brut in style, represents a house’s signature style, makes up 3/4 of the market
245
Vintage
100% from stated vintage but max 80% of a years harvest may be sold as vintage.
246
Blanc de Blancs
100% Chardonnay. Very age worthy
247
Blanc de noirs
White wine from black grapes. Usually display richness, intensity, and weight although can lack finesse
248
Single vineyard
Not required to carry a vintage, although many do. The style represents a stark departure from the blending philosophy of the region.
249
Rosé
The traditional saignee method is less common than blending. Champagne is the only AOP in France that allows a rosé wine to be made by blending red and white wine.
250
Saignee method
Wine gains its hue through extended skin contact.
251
Remuage
Aka riddling, developed by Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin, of veuve clicquot. Allows sediment to easily be removed from a bottle during disgorgement.
252
Climate
Atlantic influenced. Cold continental. Coldest/ wettest wine region in the world.
253
Soil(s)
Porous belemnite chalk is at the surface of the slopes. Micraster chalk characterizes the valley vineyards. A thin layer of clay and sand cover much of the chalk. But in the Aube clay is the dominate soil type.
254
Grapes permitted
Pinot noir, Chardonnay, Pinot meunière, Pinot blanc, Pinot Gris, arbane, petit meslier
255
Where is the village of Ambonnay?
Montagne de Reims
256
Vin de cuvee
The first 2,050 liters to be extracted from 4,000 kg of grapes.
257
What region in France does not produce an AOP cramant?
Provence
258
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
259
Mauzac is the dominant grape of which sparkling wine AOP?
Blanquette de limoux
260
Dosage
An addition of sugar and wine that determines the wines final sweetness level
261
What is the most southerly region?
The Aube
262
What does RM indicate
he wine was produced by a grower-producer
263
Method ancestrale
Single fermentation begins in the tank but concludes in the bottle
264
Geographic elements
Most northerly wine region in France. Hilly. Ardennes hills to the east. Marne and vesle rivers to the north. Aube and seine rivers to the south.
265
Vini/viti
High density (6-10k vines/ ha). High yields (12,500). Base ABV 9.5%. Final 12.5%
266
Aging
NV- min 15-36 months on lees. Vintage- 36-60 months on lees. Prestige cuvée- 7-10 years on lees
267
Grand crus of Cote des Blancs (N to S)
(East facing) chouilly, oiry, cramant, Avize, oger, le mesnil sur oger
268
Grand crus of Montagne de Reims (9) (N to S)
Sillery, Puisieulx, Beaumont sir Vesle, Verzenay, Mailly- champagne, Verzy, Louvois, Bouzy, Ambonnay.
269
3 houses known for barrel fermentation
Krug, Bollinger, Alfred Gratien
270
Vallee de la Marne grand crus
Ay-champagne, tours sur Marne
271
What does ‘echelle des crus’ mean?
Price and % of price the growers get for their grapes. Grand cru=100%. Premier cru=90-99%. Deuxieme cru=80-89%
272
3 1er crus of Vallee de la Marne (94%+)
Bisseuil (95%), dizy (95%), mareuil-sur-ay (99%)
273
Two 1er crus rated 99%
Tauxieres-Mutry (Montagne de Reims). Mareuil-sur-Ay (Vallee de la Marne)
274
Mousseux
Fully sparkling wines from a non AOP region, such as vouvray, montlouis-sur-Loire, saumur, vin de savoie, seyssel.
275
Petillant
Lightly sparkling wines from a non AOP region, such as vouvray, montlouis-sur-Loire, saumur, vin de savoie, seyssel.
276
Deblocage
The release of older vintages of base wines for use in assemblage
277
Blocage
The reserve of base wines for the use in future vintages.
278
Debourbage
After the pressing the juice the juice is allowed to settle at a cool temperature and the must drops out prior to remuage
279
Name 5 NM producers
Billecart Salmon
Bollinger
Alfred Gratien
Bruno Paillard
Pol Roger
280
Name 5 RM producers
Henri Billiot
Guy Larmandier
Jacques Selosse
Vilmart
Agrapart
281
Name 2 CM producers
Nicolas Feuillatte
Jacquart
282
Who makes Grand Cuvee?
Billecart-Salmon (‘82) (NM)
283
Who makes Elisabeth Salmon Rose?
Billecart Salmon (‘88) (NM)
284
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
285
Who makes La Grande Annee?
Bollinger (NM)
286
Who makes ‘RD’?
Bollinger (NM)
287
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
288
Who makes VV Francaises?
Bollinger (100% PN) (‘69) (NM)
289
Who makes Celebris?
Gosset (NM)
290
Who makes Grand Siecle?
Laurent-Perriere (NM) (Usually NV)
291
Who makes La Grande Dame?
Veuve Cliquot (Brut & Rose)(‘69; ‘88) (NM)
292
Who makes Cramant Grand Cru Cuvee Prestige?
Guy Larmandier (100% Chard) (RM)
293
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
294
Who makes Substance?
Jacques Selosse (NV) (RM)
295
Who makes Palmes d’or?
Nicolas Feuillatte (Brut & Rose) (‘89; ‘96) (CM)
296
Who makes Brut de Nominee?
Jacquart (NV) (Vintages declared ‘85-‘90)(CM)
297
Who makes Clos st. Hilaire?
Billecart- Salmon (100% PN) (‘95) (NM)
298
Name 3 other sparkling wines using traditional method.
Franciacorta
Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico
Cava
299
Where does Roederer have a sparkling wine house in the USA?
Anderson Valley
300
Where does Taittinger have a sparkling wine house in the USA?
Carneros
301
Where does Moet et Chandon have a sparkling wine house in the USA?
Yountville
302
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
303
Where is the Charmant or tank method commonly used?
Asti
Prosecco
German Sekt
304
Franciacorta is made with wtih method?
Metodo classico
305
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
306
When did Franciacorta receive DOCG status?
1995
307
What are the grapes of Franciacorta?
Chardonnay, Pinot Nero and a minimum of 50% Pinot Bianco
308
What is Saten?
A Franciacorta from only white grapes bottled at less than 5 atmospheres of pressure and brut in style
309
What are the requirements for Franciacorta Reserva?
Must be vintage dated with 5 years on lees and not released until 67 months from harvest
310
What are the grape requirements for Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG?
Must be a minimum 70% Pinot Nero and may be labeled varietally if at least 85% Pinot Nero.
311
What are the aging requirements for Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG?
NV= 15 months on less
Vintage= 2 years on lees
312
What are still wines from Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG released as?
Oltrepo Pavese DOC
313
What are the two DOCG zones for Prosecco as of 2009?
Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG and Asolo Prosecco DOCG
314
What are still wines from Prosecco DOCG released as?
Prosecco DOC and called Tranquillo
315
What are the two styles of Prosecco?
Frizzante and Spumante
316
What is spumante superior in Prosecco?
Fully sparkling iwnes that may be brut-> demi sec in style
317
What is the best cru of Prosecco? What is it released as?
Cartizze
Released as Conegliano- Valdobbiadene Superiore di Cartizze
318
What are the requirements for Prosecco DOCG?
85% minimum of stated year if released as vintage. 85% Prosecco (glera)
319
German Sekt
Typically at Deutschner Wein level but can be QbA if from traditional grapes grown in on of the 13 anbaugebiete of Germany
320
Cap Classique
Traditional method sparkling wine from South Africa increasingly using Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
321
When was the term “methode champenoise” banned from all wines sold in the EU that were not from Champagne?
1985
322
What is the primary grape variety of Cote des Blancs?
Chardonnay
323
What are the best villages of the Cote des Blancs?
Cramant
Avize
le Mesnil sur Oger
324
What are the best villages of the Valle de la Marne?
Mareuil sur Ay (PN)
Dizy (PN/PM)
Hautvillers (PN/PM)
Cumieres (PM)
Leuvrigny (PM)
Ste-Gemme (PM)
325
What is the best village of the Aube?
les Riceys
326
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
327
What is the climate of Champagne?
Cold and wet northern climate that is greatly influenced by the Atlantic, which has a cooling effect on the summer and makes seasons more variable. Frost is a major problem during spring and fall.
328
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
329
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
330
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
331
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
332
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
333
What is a muselet?
A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle
