Change And Continuity in Industrial revolution Flashcards
1
Q
Why did size of army change?
A
-The british empire grew, so more troops were needed abroad.
Size of army grew from 11500 in 1849 to 25000 in 1899
2
Q
How did weaponry change?
A
- Steel cannon was more durable with improved reloading, recoiling barrels and smokeless powder.
- Rifles developed, quicker reloading, further range, magazines.
- Machine guns developed, gatling gun fired 150rpm, maxim machine gun, 500rpm
3
Q
Why did change occur?
A
- Industrialisation meant materials were mass produced.
- Technological advancements improved weapons.
- This meant armies were improved and tactics changed, battles decided on which side had the most weapons.
4
Q
How did tactics change?
A
- Rifles and machine guns used dominantly in defence.
- Cavalry charges and advancing infantry were very ineffective because weapon improvements made defence superior.
5
Q
How did strategy change?
A
- Steam powered transport and steam ships meant armies could travel further for campaigns.
- Communication improved by electrical telegraph allowed management of long distance campaigns e.g. crimea
6
Q
How did recruitment change
A
-Officers recruited from aristocracy and gentry, and the rich bought their sons their ranks. Quality got worse. Infantry recruited by: -Short enlistment -Bounties to sign up for life. -Enticed whilst drunk -Get out of jail free
Quality of recruits and officers got worse.
7
Q
Why did training change?
A
- Attitudes in society, upper class didn’t want to be told to do
- New weapons needed more training
- Government / individuals
8
Q
What changes were made to training?
A
- 1708, new exercise of firelocks and bayonets not widely used.
- George II issued regulations for the army, often ignored.
- 1741, Royal military academy established a woolwich training ground for gunnery, improved gunners.
- 1800, Royal military college improve training of officers to provide a higher standard of officers
