Change in the Modern World: Apartheid in South Africa 1960-1994

Question 1

Define apartheid

Answer 1

A system used to separate different racial groups that was introduced by the white gov’t

Question 2

When did the Apartheid fully form by?

Answer 2

1960

Question 3

What were the groups in Apartheid?

Answer 3

Black, Coloured, Asians, Whites

Question 4

What was the pass book system?

Answer 4

Controlled movement of black, coloured and Asian people outside their Bantustan

Question 5

What were Bantustans?

Answer 5

Separate living areas defined for each group

Question 6

Was there segregated education?

Answer 6

Yes and the quality and content varied greatly between groups

Question 7

Who did South Africa face criticism from?

Answer 7

Britain (left Commonwealth in 1961)
United Nations
International community

Question 8

What does ANC stand for?

Answer 8

African National Congress

Question 9

When was the ANC founded?

Answer 9

1912

Question 10

What was the ANC based on?

Answer 10

Principles of non-violent mass protest
Ghandi

Question 11

What did the youth league of the ANC encourage?

Answer 11

Civil disobedience against pass laws

Question 12

Who led the ANC?

Answer 12

Nelson Mandela

Question 13

Who was Nelson Mandela?

Answer 13

• Activist + politician
• ex-lawyer for black people
• went to prison for protests
• first president of South Africa
• embraced non-violent protests

Question 14

When did Nelson Mandela become president?

Answer 14

1994-1999

Question 15

What was the Freedom Charter?

Answer 15

Document written by ANC leaders about what the ANC stood for

Question 16

What did the Freedom Charter make promises about?

Answer 16

Freedoms, rights and liberties
- the people shall govern
- take part in administration
- equality between race, colour, sex
- bodies of minority rule
- all national groups shall have equal rights
- people share the country’s wealth
- land is shared among those who work it
- all is equal before the law
- equal human rights
- work +security
- education expanded to everyone
- houses, security, comfort
- peace and friendship

Question 17

Who wrote the Freedom Charter?

Answer 17

Mathews
Lionel “Rusty” Bernstein
Ethel Drus
Ruth First
Alan Lipman

Question 18

What was the protest about at Sharpville?

Answer 18

Pass laws

Question 19

When was the Sharpville protest and what kind of protest was it?

Answer 19

21st March 1960
organised non-violent protest

Question 20

Who was at Sharpville protest?

Answer 20

Members of ANC, protestors, children

Question 21

Where did protestors march in Sharpville?

Answer 21

On the police station in the township

Question 22

What did the protestors plan to do with their pass books? - Sharpvile

Answer 22

Burn them in an act of civil disobedience and defiance

Question 23

What was the police’s reaction to the Sharpville protests

Answer 23

Opened fire killing 69 men, women and children

Question 24

As a result from civil unrest and international condemnation, the pass laws were temporarily…

Answer 24

banned

Question 25

The ANC and PAC got banned meaning the leaders got...

Answer 25

Arrested, went into hiding or fled the country

Question 26

After Sharpville the ANC and PAC abandoned what strategy?

Answer 26

non-violence

Question 27

Who was Steven Biko?

Answer 27

A young protestor that led the Black Consciousness Movement

Question 28

Because of the arrest of ANC and PAC leadership, the anti-apartheid movement passed to a younger generation, the key leader being...

Answer 28

Stephen Biko

Question 29

What newspaper did Stephen Biko use to encourage black, coloured and Indian students to be proud of who they were?

Answer 29

'I wrtte what I think'

Question 30

Biko called students to take action instead of...

Answer 30

waiting for the gov't to change

Question 31

When was the Black Consciousness movement banned?

Answer 31

1973

Question 32

When and how did Biko die?

Answer 32

1977 - beaten to death in police custody

Question 33

How did Biko's death effect activists?

Answer 33

Made them more determined to carry forward Biko's ideas

Question 34

What did the international community do when they found out about Biko's death?

Answer 34

Protested immediately - Peter Gabriel song 'Biko' 1980 - Film 'Cry Freedom' released in 1987 about Biko's life

Question 35

What was Soweto?

Answer 35

A poor township in Johannesburg?

Question 36

What year was the Soweto Rebellion?

Answer 36

1976

Question 37

What was the Soweto Rebellion?

Answer 37

Protest against gov'ts insistence that the Afrikaans's language be used in Soweto high schools

Question 38

What was police's reaction to the Soweto rebellion?

Answer 38

Shot at students - Picture of young boy who was shot being carried away with sister running next to him

Question 39

How old was the boy that was shot at Soweto rebellion?

Answer 39

13 years old

Question 40

When were Bantustans established?

Answer 40

1959 in Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act

Question 40

How did the photograph of the boy shot in Soweto impact other countries?

Answer 40

Concerned them and made headlines around the world

Question 41

How many Bantustans were created?

Answer 41

10

Question 42

Bantustans has poor living conditions because of?

Answer 42

13% of land with 80% of population Poor agricultural areas

Question 43

Passbooks were required to show that you had permission to...

Answer 43

live outside the Bantustans

Question 44

The pass in the passbook could be revoked...

Answer 44

at any time