Changes In Cell Growth Patterns Flashcards
Hypertrophy
Increase in cell size
Hyperplasia
Increase in cell number
Atrophy
Reduction in cell mass
Ex: skeletal muscle atrophy in elderly or inactive
Metaplasia
One cell type is replaced by a less complex cell type
New cells are quite normal, just not the cells usually found in that location
Dysplasia
Cells show changes in morphology and function; normal functions are lost
They may be larger, nuclei may appear different, some cellular components may be missing or are duplicated
Not malignant, removal of irritant will often restore normal cell types and growth patterns
Ex: skin from too much sun
Neoplasia
The increased growth rate persists and the cell mass increases at an uncontrolled rate
Categories for neoplasms
Benign or malignant
Benign neoplasms
Well-defined, often capsules and confined to one location
Malignant neoplasms
Poorly defined margins, the tumour cells extend into and mingle with the surrounding healthy tissues
Have the ability to spread and invade into healthy tissues
Well-differentiated
Tumour cells which have matured to closely resemble their parent cells
Poorly differentiated
Malignant cells which bear little resemblance to the original tissue cells
Anaplastic cells
Tumour cells that bear no resemblance to normal cells