Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

History > Changes In Crime And Punishment - Nature Of Crime > Flashcards

Changes In Crime And Punishment - Nature Of Crime Flashcards

1
Q

After the Norman Conquest, what was a criminal defined as?

A

Someone who had ‘disturbed the King’s Peace’. Norman Laws highlighted offences against authority such as treason, revolt, sheltering criminals, blasphemy and heresy. The most common crime was theft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happened in 1275?

A

King Edward I passed a law saying that anyone who stole more than 12d worth of goods could be hanged for their crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were crimes specific to the medieval era?

A

The Forest Laws - trees could no longer be cut down for fuel or for building and deer could not be hunted
Scolding - offensive and abusive speech in public
Treason - defying authority
Outlaw gangs - ambushed travellers
Heresy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What were the 3 serious rebellions of the medieval era?

A

The Peasants’ Revolt 1381
Jack Cade’s Revolt 1450
Cornish Rebellion 1497

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How did the nature of crime change to the eighteenth century?

A

Vagrancy
Heresy/ Treason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who was an angler?

A

Used a hooked stick to reach through windows and steal goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who was a counterfeit crank?

A

dressed in tatty clothes and pretended to suffer from falling sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who was a clapper dudgeon?

A

Tied arsenic to their skin in order to make it bleed and tract sympathy while begging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was an Abraham man?

A

Pretend to be mad to attract donations through pity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did Tudor governments deal with vagrancy?

A

Flooding or branding
Making towns tackle the problem
Making it the duty of each local parish to provide air for its poor but also punish vagabonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When did Religious disputes become more important?

A

After the Protestant Reformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Henry VIII do?

A

Split with the Catholic Church and made himself Head of the Church of England
Those refusing to accept were executed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did Edward VI do?

A

Widened the split with the Catholic Church
Made laws requiring the people to worship in a more Protestant way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Mary do?

A

Wanted to make England Catholic
Burned Protestants for heresy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Elizabeth I do?

A

Made compromises towards Catholics but remained firmly Protestant
Catholics fined for not attending Church
Those plotting to kill her were executed for treason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did those who disagreed with the religion of the country do?

A

Went into exile abroad
Willing to die for what they believed in
Learned to keep quiet and pretended to conform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the Treason Law in 1534 issued by Henry VIII?

A

Anyone who displayed support for the Pope, said or wrote things against him, his wife or his heirs, said the beliefs of the King went against the teachings of the Church, said that he asking was using his power unjustly, kept silent when questioned, was guilty of treason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What were some of the plots between 1536 and 1685?

A

Pilgrimage of Grace 1536 Robert Aske
Gunpowder Plot 1605 Robert Catesby
Popish Plot 1678 Titus Oates
Monmouth Rebellion 1685 Duke of Monmouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was the Gunpowder Plot?

A

Religiously motivated attempt by Catholic men to assassinate King James I by blowing up Parliament
The plan failed when Guy Fawkes was caught with the gunpowder beneath Parliament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was a venturer?

A

The investor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What was a spotsman?

A

Responsible for directing the ship to shore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was a lander?

A

Arranging the unload of the smuggled cargo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was the tubsman?

A

Carried the smuggled goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What was the batsman?

A

Protected the tubsman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What was smuggling?
Smuggling goods illegally into the country and selling them unofficially on the black market Gangs employed 50 to 100 individuals each with specific tasks It declined after reduced duties made smuggling unprofitable
26
What was highway robbery?
Robbers who attacked pedestrians were known as footpads Mounted highwaymen on horseback Armed and worked in pairs Dick Turpin glamorised by the papers
27
Why did the amount of highway robbery decline?
Roads became much busier Banknotes had to be cashed in and could be traced A horse patrol was set up in London in 1805 to guard main roads
28
How did the Industrial Revolution affect the nature of crime?
Thimble screwers stole pocket watches Prop nailers stole pins and brooches Drag sneaks stole goods or luggage from carts and coaches
29
Why was there a real threat of revolution?
Between 1790 and 1840 poor living and low wages combined with demands for political reform
30
What is car crime?
Speed limits Breathalyser Banning of mobile phones while driving
31
What are common car crimes?
Dangerous and careless driving Parking violations Speeding Car theft Driving without a license No car insurance No tax No MOT Drunk driving Not wearing a seatbelt
32
What is cyber bullying?
Repeated threatening and hostile behaviour through internet and smartphone use to intimidate and hurt another person
33
What is hacking?
Gaining unauthorised access to the private records of individuals, organisations and governments
34
What are phishing scams?
Using spoof emails to trick people into revealing important information, for instance an email that looks like it is from your bank and asks for bank details
35
What is identity theft?
Stealing a person's identity and pretending to be somebody else, stealing money from bank accounts via the internet
36
What is copyright infringement?
Illegally downloading music and film and other forms of criminal piracy
37
What are sexual crimes?
Child grooming through the use of chat rooms and social networks, sharing of illegal images of children, harassment through sharing images with consent
38
What is terrorism?
Range of methods to push political demands Hijackings, assassinations, hostages, suicide attacks, arson attacks, bombings IRA
39
2 examples of terrorist attacks?
IRA bombing of the Arndale shopping centre 1996 al-Qaeda 7/7 suicide bomb attacks on London transport
40
What are hate crimes?
Criminal damage and vandalism to harassment or physical assault. Victims targeted for race, sexual orientation, religion, or disability. Most commonly motivated by racism.
41
Hooliganism
Members of gangs in which violence is accepted or the norm. In the 1970s football hooliganism became a big problem 1985 wall fell at Heysel Stadium in Belgium after after fighting between British and Italian fans which killed 38 people
42
What is drug related crime?
Drug trafficking became prominent in the late twentieth century. Planes, boats, trucks and mules are used to carry illegal drugs into the UK. Drug gangs operate on their own turf and use violence to protect it
43
What is gun and knife crime?
Associated with drug gangs, often linked to juvenile gangs.
44
Hunting
The Forest Laws said that a tree could no longer be cut down for fuel or for building and anyone caught hunting deer would be punished
45
Scolding
The use of offensive and abusive speech in public
46
Vagrancy
More common after Black Death destroyed many villages and towns and left people wandering
47
Treason
Defying authority 1351 Treason Act
48
Outlaw gangs
Ambushed travellers and robbed houses Already on the run Folville Gang 1326
49
Heresy
Spreading false Christian beliefs Lollards 1400s
50
What were the percentages of crime in medieval England?
73% theft 18% murder 6% receiving stolen goods 3% arson, treason, other
51
Who was a doxy?
A devious female begged who carried a large bag on her back, pretending she was knitting but actually stealing
52
How did the number of heretics executed change?
Henry VII 24 Henry VIII 81 Edward VI 2 Mary I 283 Elizabeth I 4
53
How many people were murderers in the 14th Century?
50-100 people in every 100,000 2020 - 1 in every 100,000
54
How many people were wandering the countryside?
10,000 out of 2.5-4 million population - 23 different types of beggar
55
Examples of treason
1605 Gunpowder Plot Treason replaces heresy as most serious crime 1612 Edward Wightman last person to be burned at stake
56
What was the Hovering Act 1718?
Illegal for vessels smaller than 50 tons to wait within 6 miles of shore
57
What other act is important relating to smuggling?
Act of indemnity
58
What two taxes did the rich not like?
Excise duty Customs duty which increased the price of tea by 70%
59
Hawkhurst Gang
Social crime which most people agreed with
60
Why was there increased opportunity for highway robbery?
Deserted roads, availability of hand guns, money carried, urbanisation Turnpike roads, demobbed soldiers, inns
61
Footpads
Thieves without horses and specialised in robbing pedestrian travellers
62
Highwaymen
Horseback, socially superior to footpads Death penalty Mounted horse patrols and banking system decreased highway robbery after 1815
63
When was the last case of highway robbery?
1831
64
Who are two famous highway robbers?
Dick Turpin Black Harry
65
How many children were sleeping rough in 1876?
30,000
66
What became more common following urbanisation?
Pickpocketing, especially at hangings
67
Prop nailers
Stole pins and brooches from ladies
68
Till friskers
Emptied tills of their cash while shopkeeper was distracted
69
In the 19th century what were the percentages of crime?
90% against property 100 different types of criminal
70
The Luddites
Weavers who destroyed machinery they thought was putting them out of work 1812 destroyed stocking frames Hand loom was a very skilled job so paid highly Ned Ludd was a fictional character Punishable by death
71
Chartists
Demand vote to all men over 21 20,000 men marched
72
Swing riots
1830-31 attacked rich farmer property and set fire to hayricks Bad harvests in 1828 and 1829 increased food prices 316 cases of arson and 390 attacks on threshing machines
73
Islamist Terrorist Attacks
Tavistock Square - suicide attacks killed 52 civilians and injured 700 people on 7 July 2005 Since 11 September 2001
74
Examples of terrorism
Violence and intimidation Hostages Murder Hijacking Arson Weapons Cyber attacks Bombing
75
NI Troubles 1969-1998
3500 killed
76
Far right
April 1999 David Copeland Nail bombs targeted black, gay and Bangladeshi people Killed 3 and injured 100
77
IRA
Nov 1974 Bombs in 2 pubs in Birmingham Kills 19 people
78
Motor car crime
Vehicles need to be taxed with MOT Joyriding Under influence of drugs Car arrived in Britain in 1894 Theft from cars and of cars Speeding offences
79
Computers and technology
Fraud Hacking Internet 1990s Phishing scams Cost cybercrime victims £174 million in 2015 Copyright Harassment Intimidation Viruses Spam

History (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions