Changes Of State COPY Flashcards
(28 cards)
Evaporation
In any liquid or gas, the average speed of the particles varies within the temperature. But at each temperature, some particles will be moving faster, others more slowly, than the average. Some very fast particles on the surface of the liquid will have enough energy to break away and form a gas
Sublimation
A small number of substances have the ability to change directly from solid to a gas, or vice versa, without involving any liquid on the way. Eg carbon dioxide
Melting
In a solid, the energy makes the particles in it vibrate faster and faster. Eventually, they vibrate fast enough that the forces of attraction between the particles are no longer strong enough to hold them together. The solid melts to a liquid. The temperature needed to melt the solid is its melting point
Solid arrangement
Close together, regular layers in a lattice formation
Movement In solids
Their particles vibrate on the spot
Solid energy level
Low
Liquid arrangement
Close together but random
Liquid movement
Move around each other. Touching at all times
Liquid energy level
Higher than solid, less than gases
Gases arrangement
Far apart, random
Gas energy level
High (est)
Movement of gases
Quickly in all directions
Atom
Simplest particle from which all matter is made
Molecule
A particle made from atoms bonded together
Elements
A substance made up from only one kind of atom
Compound
A substance made from atoms of different kinds chemically bonded together
Mixture
More than one substance. Contains different types of particles that are not joined together
Atomic number
How many protons there are in each atom
Mass number
How many protons + neutrons there are in each atom
Isotope
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in reactive atomic made but not in chemical properties. It doesn’t affect its charge as neutrons are neutrally charged
Freezing
If the liquid is cooled again, the liquid particles will move around more and more slowly. Eventually, they are moving slowly enough that the forces of attraction between them will hold them into a solid. The liquid freezes . The temperature needed for this is the freezing point
Condensation
When a gas is cooled, the particles lose kinetic energy. This allows the forces of attraction to bring the particles closer together. The particles eventually clump together to form a liquid
What is the name of the change of state from solid to liquid
Melting
What is the name of the change of state from liquid to solid
Freezing
