Changing Cities

Question 1

development

Answer 1

A broad concept linked to improving the quality of people’s lives

Question 1

urbanisation

Answer 1

An increase in the number of people living in towns and cities compared to rural areas

Question 2

economic migrant

Answer 2

Someone who migrates in search of work and better economic opportunities

Question 3

internal migrant

Answer 3

Someone who moves within a country to live for at least a year

Question 4

international migrant

Answer 4

Someone who permanently relocates to a different country

Question 5

rural-urban migration

Answer 5

The process of people leaving rural areas to find work in urban areas, associated with developing and emerging countries.

Question 6

natural increase

Answer 6

When population figures show a positive difference between birth rate and death rate. (increasing life expectancies, rather than higher birth rates)

Question 7

pull factors

Answer 7

A reason why someone is attracted to a place to live such as a city

Question 8

push factors

Answer 8

A reason why someone may leave an area

Question 9

two-speed economy

Answer 9

A divide between two areas of a country based on wealth, with one developing at a faster rate

Question 10

megacity

Answer 10

A city with at least a population of 10 million people

Question 11

major city

Answer 11

A city with a population of at least 400,000

Question 12

major urban area

Answer 12

An area that has a high population density and is made up of houses, industrial buildings, factories and transport routes

Question 13

population density

Answer 13

The number of people living in a certain area of land (usually measured by the number of people per kilometre square)

Question 14

population distribution

Answer 14

The pattern showing how population is spread over an area

Question 15

site

Answer 15

The land the settlement is built on

Question 16

situation

Answer 16

Where the settlement is, compared to the physical and human features around it

Question 17

connectivity

Answer 17

The way that a settlement is connected, or linked to other settlements in the UK and to other countries around the world

Question 18

function

Answer 18

The purpose of a settlement, why it has grown and exists. This can change overtime

Question 19

CBD

Answer 19

The centre of a city; often containing the most important shops, businesses and entertainment facilities

Question 20

Inner-city

Answer 20

The central area of a major city, usually situated around the central point of a city

Question 21

suburbs

Answer 21

The residential area or a mixed-use area within a commuting distance of the city centre

Question 22

urban-rural fringe

Answer 22

The area on the outskirts of the city

Question 23

public buildings

Answer 23

Buildings owned by the council that serve the residents of the city e.g., libraries

Question 24

social housing

Answer 24

Houses that are owned by a housing association and are rented to people who can’t afford to buy their home

Question 25

owner-occupied housing

Answer 25

The house is owned by the people living there

Question 26

greenbelt

Answer 26

An area around the city composed of farmland and recreational land. Strict controls on development to control the growth of cities

Question 27

suburbanisation

Answer 27

The outward growth of urban areas which may engulf surrounding villages and towns into larger urban agglomeration (meaning assemblage)

Question 28

counter-urbanisation

Answer 28

When large numbers of people move from urban areas into the surrounding countryside or rural areas

Question 29

re-urbanisation

Answer 29

The process whereby towns and cities in developed cities which have been experiencing a loss of population are able to reverse the decline and begin to grow again

Question 30

gentrification

Answer 30

The improvement of housing in an area which was formerly poor or run-down. It is mainly carried out by the residents themselves in a piecemeal (meaning one thing at a time) way

Question 31

regeneration

Answer 31

Redeveloping previously used areas of a city. This might involve changing the use of a place, or involve refurbishing buildings or building new buildings

Question 32

brownfield land

Answer 32

Land within a city that is no longer used. It may contain old factories or housing, or it may have been cleared ready for redevelopment

Question 33

greenfield land

Answer 33

Land, often found on the edges of an urban area, that has not been built on. Sometimes referred to as a virgin land. It may have only been used for agricultural purposes

Question 34

globalisation

Answer 34

The country and the global economy have become interdependent

Question 35

decentralisation

Answer 35

Having the headquarters of a company in one country, but its factories and warehouses elsewhere

Question 36

deindustrialisation

Answer 36

The loss of industry in a local area, due to government policy to import products of industry or due to the decision of TNC’s to operate more cheaply elsewhere

Question 37

de-population

Answer 37

The loss of the majority of a localities population due to push factors such as lack of employment, declining housing conditions and declining access to services

Question 38

multiplier effect

Answer 38

Improving the economic growth, quality of life and aesthetic of an area by investment in one sector, that promotes improvement across other sectors

Question 39

de-multiplier effect

Answer 39

The overall impact of a loss of employment and population in a locality

Question 40

retail industry

Answer 40

Shopping or the process of buying goods, that can be a recreational activity for some

Question 41

out of town shopping centres

Answer 41

Large indoor shopping centres located on the outskirts of cities, often built on Brownfield land

Question 42

edge of town shopping centres

Answer 42

Located closer to the city but still not within the city centre