Changing Cities: Bristol

Question 1

Definition of urbanisation?

Answer 1

The increase in the percentage of people living in cities, causing them to grow.

Question 2

Definition of counter-urbanisation?

Answer 2

Movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller settlements in rural areas located beyond the city.

Question 3

Definition of natural increase?

Answer 3

The difference between the birth rate and the death rate

Question 4

Definition of population density?

Answer 4

The number of people per square kilometre.

Question 5

Definition of conurbation?

Answer 5

An area where the number of existing urban areas have grown and merged into a single large urban area

Question 6

Definition of re-urbanisation?

Answer 6

The movement of people back into an area that has been previously abandoned. Usually government’s initiative to counter the problem of inner city decline. Problems with pollution, overpopulation, inadequate housing.

Question 7

4 Factors for assessing an areas development?

Answer 7

1. Physical
2. Historical
3. Economical
4. Political

Question 8

Physical factors determining UK population distribution?

Answer 8

1. Hilly regions in north are harder to build on and farm on.
2. Less dense population in North.
3. More dense in south, flatter land.

Question 9

Historical factors determining UK population distribution?

Answer 9

Industrial revolution caused movement of the population.
Industrial towns by the coast so that trade there was more efficient.

Question 10

Recent economic factors determining UK population distribution?

Answer 10

More tertiary sector, higher paying jobs in cities in southern regions.
As you go away from cities, more rural areas have more agricultural and farming jobs.

Question 11

Political factors determining UK population distribution?

Answer 11

Government is located in London, so primary funding and majority of money spent on improving QOL in southern regions

Question 12

What demographic of people might Bristol attract?

Answer 12

Young people and immigrants - Good education system with a university, lots of job opportunities. Inclusive environment, culture and festivals all year, range of cuisines in city centre.

Question 13

2 reasons why Bristol is an attractive place to live?

Answer 13

Lots of frequent culture and festivals and events.
Near the coast
Very diverse community

Question 14

Definition of site?

Answer 14

The land the settlement is built on

Question 15

Definition of situation?

Answer 15

Where the settlement is build compared to physical and human features around it.

Question 16

Definition of connectivity?

Answer 16

The way that a city is connected or linked to other settlements in the UK and other countries in the world.

Question 17

Describe the situation of Bristol?

Answer 17

West of London. East of Cardiff. Situated East of the Bristol channel.

Question 18

Describe Bristol’s site?

Answer 18

1. Bristol grew on the confluence of the River Avon and the River Frome.
2. The settlement spread up the river valleys.

Question 19

Describe Bristol’s connectivity?

Answer 19

1. Excellent railway links with the rest of the UK, with two major stations - Bristol Temple Meads and Bristol Parkway.
2. Has two motorways that link to UK - M4 and M5
3. International airport, southwest of Bristol, where planes fly to 112 countries.

Question 20

What is the Burgess model?

Answer 20

a model that describes how urban areas grow outward from a central point in a series of concentric rings

Question 21

What is the CBD?

Answer 21

Where the main shops and businesses are. Oldest part of the city. More buildings that are taller - take up less space. Land in CBD is expensive

Question 22

What is the Inner city?

Answer 22

Residential areas and light industry. Built from 1850-1914. Houses had no front garden, small back garden, terraced housing - impress city visitors

Question 23

What is the suburbs?

Answer 23

Residential areas, semi-detached or detached.

Question 24

What is the rural urban fringe?

Answer 24

the area where the built-up, urban environment transitions into the rural countryside

Question 25

What large shopping centre is located in the Rural Urban Fringe of Bristol?

Answer 25

Cribbs Causeway

Question 26

Impacts of Cribbs Causeway on the CBD?

Answer 26

causes a decline in retail activity in CBD

Question 27

What large shopping centre is in the CBD of Bristol?

Answer 27

Cabot Circus

Question 28

What is sub-urbanisation?

Answer 28

The growth of a town or city into the countryside

Question 29

What are the causes of sub-urbanisation?

Answer 29

1. suburban 'ideal' - want for more space and land, bigger home. Cars for family, better, easier and faster transport lines. 2. Increased transport links - more efficient to go to CBD and other areas

Question 30

Why are rural areas with large commuter population known as 'ghost towns'

Answer 30

During the day people are commuting to the CBD so no customers for shops

Question 31

What is the difference between national and international migration?

Answer 31

National - the movement of people within the country. International - Movement of people to different countries.

Question 32

What are push and pull factors?

Answer 32

Push - factors that force someone to move Pull - factors that encourage someone to move

Question 33

Examples of push and pull factors?

Answer 33

Push - Natural hazards, war, lack of jobs and facilities, high crime, poverty, pollution Pull - Hazard free, political stability, job opportunities, closer to familiy, good climate, better QOL.

Question 34

Bristol pull factors causing international migration?

Answer 34

Free healthcare, culture and traditions and festivals, inclusive and diverse, job opportunitites.

Question 35

Where do most migrants settle into Bristol?

Answer 35

More central areas because it is cloer to the city centre and good public transport routes and roads will link to inner city. There is also more job opportunities.

Question 36

What are the main impacts of migrants on Bristol?

Answer 36

Pressure on public services, pressure on schools, increases diversity, improves economy, increases unemployment rate, provides economic benefit.

Question 37

Definition of deindustrialisation?

Answer 37

The reduction of manufacturing industry in a region.

Question 38

Definition of Globalisation?

Answer 38

The way the world is becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent.

Question 39

How has economic change increased inequality in the city?

Answer 39

Bristol was industrail based with large population working in secondary sector. Industries now closed. As more tertiary and quaternary sector jobs are available, more of the original workers are unable to fin new work as they lack the skills, causing inequality and a decline in QOL for segment of pop.

Question 40

Why did we see a decline in retail in the CBD?

Answer 40

Internet allowed more people to shop online, so less people going to CBD in person, causing shops to go out of business.

Question 41

List the strategies used to improve Bristol's sustainability.

Answer 41

Affordable Housing Energy Efficient Homes Recycling Car sharing Cycling Public Transport Employment

Question 42

Explain recycling strategy in Bristol

Answer 42

Bristol council provides different bins for waste. In 2012, Bristol recycled 50% of their waste. Steadily increased from a rate of 12% in 2004. Developed new ways of dealing with untreated waste so that no waste goes to landfill. New Waste Treatment plant built can deal with 200,000 tonnes of waste per year. provides electricity to 13,000 homes.

Question 43

Explain Employment strategy in Bristol

Answer 43

Unemployment rate in Bristol is 80%, one of lowest rates in country. Council has attracted many green companies to the city. Bristol also has highest growth of disposable income. People living in Bristol have a high disposable income which supports job creation in service industries. More job opportunities to financially support themselves, reduces mass poverty.

Question 44

What are the 4 transport strategies?

Answer 44

Walking Public transport Car sharing Cycling

Question 45

Explain Walking and public transport strategies

Answer 45

Walking - council made a website providing easy to read maps between points in the city. Displays distance and walking time, having benefits for health and cutting down carbon emissions, less car journeys made. Public transport - most major roads now have bus lanes, regular buses into city centre, producing a system like Oyster. enable people to use same travel card on buses and trains.

Question 46

Explain car sharing and cycling strategy?

Answer 46

Car sharing - car share page on council website, you don't have to own a car to car share. 2+ people lanes for cars, at certain times, only cars with two passengers can use these lanes. Encourages car sharing. Cycling - many cycle routes, government gave Bristol council 11.4 million to dedicate to cycle lanes. better facilities for bike users and more training for children. 300 cycle parking spaces in the city centre. Scheme which repairs bikes.

Question 47

Explain Affordable and Energy efficient houses

Answer 47

Grants are available for loft insulation. Council working with British gas to ensure all homes have sufficient level of insulation to make them energy efficient. All new developments need to submit a sustainable energy strategy before building. Council runs help-to-buy schemes with shared ownership and rental schemes.