Changing Places

Question 1

3 ways geographers see aspects of place

Answer 1

location, locale, sense of place

Question 2

define location

Answer 2

where a place is, its position

Question 3

define locale

Answer 3

the effect that people have on their setting

Question 4

define sense of place

Answer 4

the subjective and emotional attachments to places

Question 5

what are the 3 approaches to place

Answer 5

descriptive, social constructivist, phenomenological

Question 6

define the descriptive approach

Answer 6

the world is a set of places and each place can be studied distinctly

Question 7

define the social constructivist approach

Answer 7

a place is a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time

Question 8

define the phenomenological approach

Answer 8

how individuals experience place, understanding personal attachments is critical to understanding place

Question 9

define tourist gaze

Answer 9

tourists’ views of places and people are directed and organised by the tourism industry

Question 10

define placelessness

Answer 10

the loss of uniqueness of a place so that one place looks like many others

Question 11

define topophilia

Answer 11

love of a place

Question 12

define topophobia

Answer 12

hate of a place

Question 13

loyalty to a place can come in the forms of

Answer 13

localism, regionalism, nationalism, patriotism

Question 14

define place

Answer 14

the way an area is perceived depending on location, locale and emotional attachment

Question 15

what does it mean to be an insider

Answer 15

to belong to a place and identify with it

Question 16

what does it mean to be an outsider

Answer 16

to not belong to a place and to feel alienated from it, creating a difficulty in identifying with it

Question 17

define gated communities

Answer 17

enclosed housing estates where access is strictly controlled, only residents can go in and out

Question 18

what are the 4 different types of place

Answer 18

near, far, experienced, media

Question 19

what factors affect whether a place is perceived as near/far

Answer 19

geographical distance
emotional connection/level of comfort
familiarity

Question 20

how has globalisation, travel and media impacted near/far places

Answer 20

far places may not automatically seem strange, uncomfortable or different
near places may not feel familiar or create a sense of belonging

Question 21

what factors affect whether a place is perceived as experienced/media

Answer 21

perceptions vs reality
personal experience or read/seen in media

Question 22

define endogenous factors of place

Answer 22

internal factors that help shape the character of a place, human or physical

Question 23

define exogenous factors of place

Answer 23

external factors that help shape the character of a place, relations with other places that affect characteristics

Question 24

name types of endogenous factors

Answer 24

land use, topography, physical geography, infrastructure, demographic characteristics, built environment, location, economic characteristics

Question 25

name types of exogenous factors

Answer 25

people, resources, money and investment, ideas

Question 26

how do people affect place (exogenous factors)

Answer 26

eg. tourists or day trippers, migration seasonal changes to character and services tailored towards this influx of a certain type of people

Question 27

how do resources affect place (exogenous factors)

Answer 27

eg. importing food, exporting goods creating trade links and relations with other places

Question 28

how does money and investment affect place (exogenous factors)

Answer 28

eg. government funding, private investment improved services like healthcare living standards empty property

Question 29

how do ideas affect place (exogenous factors)

Answer 29

eg. education and technology, pop culture levels of education and wealth sense of place and connection

Question 30

how did migration within the EU affect place

Answer 30

UK as part of the EU welcomed people from 28 member countries (free movement agreement) 2004-9, flows of people into the UK peaked at 1.5million 2/3 of immigrants were Polish, industries like fish processing in East Anglia benefitted (influx in labour) residence was not in even pattern so some communities were impacted more than others

Question 31

define globalisation

Answer 31

the increase of trade around the world and increasing interconnection of the world’s economic, cultural and political systems

Question 32

define clone towns

Answer 32

urban retail areas dominated by national and international chain stores, resulting in places losing their unique identities

Question 33

ways to overcome development of clone towns

Answer 33

limit size of new stores so independent shops can occupy them dedicated tax placed on chain stores introduce legislation to protect locally owned stores reduced rents for independent businesses

Question 34

what characteristics of place do flows of people, money, resources and ideas affect

Answer 34

demographics, culture, economy, social inequality

Question 35

define structural unemployment

Answer 35

job losses caused through the change in type of industry in an area

Question 36

define social inequality

Answer 36

unequal access to resources and opportunities, resulting in deprivation for particular groups in society

Question 37

name the 5 key areas of spending which the UK government uses to reduce social inequality

Answer 37

taxation eg. lower rate of income tax subsidies eg. free bus passes for the elderly, free subscriptions for under 18s planning eg. job clubs law eg. maternity leave and pay, 15 hours free childcare per week for working parents education eg. pupil premium, free school meals

Question 38

positive effects of exogenous factors (flows of people, resources, money and ideas)

Answer 38

job creation, positive multiplier effect, more dynamic social and cultural characteristics, new infrastructure

Question 39

negative effects of exogenous factors (flows of people, resources, money and ideas)

Answer 39

social and cultural tensions (insiders vs outsiders), placelessness, new ideas clashing with pre-existing ones, new businesses which require skills and qualifications that locals do not have

Question 40

name forces of change

Answer 40

local/national government, individuals, TNCs, local community groups, national/international/global institutions

Question 41

3 main ways to change opinions of place

Answer 41

rebranding- giving a new image to a part of the city to attract people back to the area gentrification- status of a unfashionable and neglected inner urban area is upgraded and improved regeneration- improving and investing in an area

Question 42

what are formal representations of place

Answer 42

objective, based on facts, statistical representation

Question 43

what are informal representations of place

Answer 43

do not necessarily represent what actually exists, tend to be creative, selective and stylised

Question 44

what are abstract representations of place

Answer 44

may show relationship between places rather than geographical location eg. london tube map

Question 45

what are the 3 types of representation of places

Answer 45

formal, informal, abstract

Question 46

qualitative/quantitative sources which can be used to understand place

Answer 46

qualitative- interviews, photographs, textual sources, architecture, graffiti, art, tv/film, poetry quantitative- maps, statistics