changing places

Question 1

what is place ?

Answer 1

refers to an area if more than one dimension
1. location - its physical point on a map
2. its locales
3. its sense of place and meaning it holds
they are multifaceted and shaped by shifting flows and connections

Question 2

what are locales ?

Answer 2

locations in a place that are associated with everyday activities eg. school ,sports grounds and theater
they structure social interactions and people are likely to show behavioral traits specific to that locale eg, obeying by social stereotypes like being quiet in a library

Question 3

what is sense of place ?

Answer 3

is the subjective emotional attachment to a place which gives it meaning
are different for each individual

Question 4

what is placelessness ?

Answer 4

suggests a place is not unique, eg. UK high streets with the same costa, Greggs and Tesco’s these are clone towns due to the dominance of chain shops
- it can be argued that they have the same locales that structure the same social interactions and therefore a same sense of place
- or its argued that place is more importantly about people ,how they interact and the memories they create within these locales making each area unique

Question 5

how does attachment and experiences effect a sense of place ?

Answer 5

the attachment to a place grows stronger over time , as you have more experiences in a place you become more attached.
experiences have different levels of intensity eg, marriage is a more intense experience therefore encouraging the development of a stronger sense of place
experiences can also be positive or negative this also changes a persons sense of place

Question 6

what is topophilia ?

Answer 6

the love you feel towards a place and the strong attachment to it

Question 7

what is topophobia ?

Answer 7

the dislike of place, can have a attachment to it but it will be negative

Question 8

what is a near place ?

Answer 8

geographically near, but they are subjective as distance is relative. they can also be emotionally near or how a person feels more connected to it

Question 9

what are far places ?

Answer 9

places that a geographically distant , they can have a emotional meaning as people might get homesick and feel far away even if they are 10 minutes from home

Question 10

what are experienced places ?

Answer 10

places that we have actually visited
some argue that you have to have experienced a place in order to create attachment as its a more intense experience stimulating all the senses but others feel that the desire to visit or a dislike because of media representations is enough to create attachment

Question 11

what are media places ?

Answer 11

places we have not visited but may have learned about through media representations.
they can subconsciously change out sense of place

Question 12

what is genius loci ?

Answer 12

the spirit of a place- suggests that every place has a unique spirit or atmosphere based on everything for the location is made up of now and in the past

Question 13

what is place character ?

Answer 13

relates to the specific qualities, attributes or features of a locations that make it unique
effected by endogenous and exogenous factors

Question 14

what are examples of endogenous factors ?

Answer 14

• land use ( urban or rural)
• topography ( relief of the land )
• physical geography ( natural physical features )
• infrastructure ( built services that enhance living conditions eg. roads , water supply, parks , educations system and health care )
• demographic characteristics ( age, gender , ethnicity of the population )
• built environment ( architecture of the area )
• location
• economic characteristics ( debt, growth market )

Question 15

what are endogenous factors ?

Answer 15

those which originate within the place and are local

Question 16

what are exogenous factors ?

Answer 16

those which originate from outside a place and provide linkages and relationship with and to other places
often referred to as flows

Question 17

what are examples of exogenous factors?

Answer 17

often referred to as flows of :
- people : impact of tourists, workers , migrants ect on an area over time
- money and investment : trade deals, tax, major events, new businesses
- resources : availability of raw materials, products, food, water and energy
- ideas : entrepreneurs may move to an area brining new businesses with them

Question 18

how do endogenous and exogenous factors interact and give an example?

Answer 18

over time endogenous factors will be shaped by changing flows of exogenous factors
example is Rio de Janeiro Olympics :
in short term the large influx of people (exogenous) during the Olympics will have caused the city to be busier
in the long term the investments and movements to bulldoze some areas of the favelas will have changed the economic and social characteristic of the city and the built environment was changed

Question 19

what is an insider?

Answer 19

people who feel at home within the area
- often born there or hold citizenship
- fluent in the language and conform with the idioms
- conforms with social norms and behavioural traits

Question 20

what is an outsider ?

Answer 20

feel isolated or separate from the community
- not accustomed to the culture, social norms and dialect of the community
these feelings of unfamiliarity can change overtime as you experience a place
- ethnic groups sometimes cluster together in certain areas because people feel more at home surrounded by other people sharing the same ethnicity, this means that the area will adapt towards that culture over time further attract more people

Question 21

how can perspective of place change due to outsiders and insiders ?

Answer 21

large influxes of immigrants (outsiders) into an area can change the characteristics of a place , the high street may adapt to new people and change the shops, this can make the old residents (insiders) feel like outsiders as their surroundings become unfamiliar
others may embrace new multiculturalism as a result of immigration eg. China town

Question 22

what is gentrification ?

Answer 22

the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in
changes to suit the middle class = improved housing, attracting new business
this often displaces the current inhabitants (insiders become outsiders) as rent prices rise and they feel unwanted as new culture and class introduced

Question 23

what is “the other “ ?

Answer 23

refers to people who are unfamiliar or different to the self
conflict and social tensions can exist when people who do not have the same identity
the other are more likely to have prejudiced against them as they seem “alien” to us ad can be dehumanised

Question 24

how can “the other “ effect immigrants ?

Answer 24

this sense of the other can create conflict, this can also be due to racism and xenophobia which creates a suspicion towards migrants and lead to segregation
migrants themselves may see the residents themselves as the other ad this ca limit social integrating ad further cause conflict
conflict occurs when different groups of people have different ideas on how a area should adapt

Question 25

what is census data and it advantages and disadvantages ?

Answer 25

- useful for providing insight into both the past and present character of a place, especially demographic and economic characteristics - ad : data is reliable and factual - dis : quantitative data may ignore important opinions from residents

Question 26

what is art & media data and it advantages and disadvantages ?

Answer 26

artistic representations are good sources of peoples opinions so are subjective, they present culture and lived experience ad- major contributor to a places character and recognises arts influence on place dis - not quantitative, hard to measure and compare

Question 27

what is advertising data ( to understand place character ) and it advantages and disadvantages ?

Answer 27

tourism and business sectors of a place often advertise an area in order to attract people to in and invest. this form of media is useful for gathering information about a place ad - presents multiple dimensions of a place, shows a places attractions which often are an important contributor to character dis - may show a one sided view ignoring the negative

Question 28

what is map and photo data ( to understand place character ) and it advantages and disadvantages ?

Answer 28

present a factual and objective view of a place, useful to compare past and present places ad - the ability to compare to the past as it shows how a place has developed over time objective dis - photos could have a subjective view ( eg only showing good or bad areas ) don't develop sense of place emotionally

Question 29

what is place meaning ?

Answer 29

refers to the sense of place and character that different people give to a place how a place is represented by tourist organisations, governments, corporate bodies and community groups shaped by past and present connections of a place on a variety of scales ( global to local )

Question 30

what is rebranding ?

Answer 30

the process by which forces of change aim to adapt the place meaning of a location, this could be to encourage tourism by promoting endogenous or exogenous characteristics of a place to overcome negative connotations