Changing Places 2.0 Flashcards
(52 cards)
London (insiders & outsiders)
Insiders- LGBTQ people free like insiders in London (bigger population so more similar people).
Outsiders- call people like them ‘aliens’ if they go to bars (stereotypes) because they’re different. People from the countryside seem “stuck in the past”, poor people feel like outsiders in London since it’s so expensive.
Totnes
More traditional shops than the national average, many unique businesses. Been a market town for 800 years. In Devon has more local independent shops than the national average (80% more). Local people are protesting against Costa as it has many independent shops
Sweatshops
A factory where workers are employed at very low wages for long hours & under poor conditions.
Fair trade
Encourages fair treatment of all workers & ensures healthy & safe conditions in the workplace. Focuses on traditional with poor & marginalised producer groups, to help them develop skills & sustainable livelihood through trade.
Bananas are grown in warmer countries like Brazil, Asia but primarily Africa at 6200,000 tonnes a year. Eaten largely in Ecuador at 100-150kg per person.
Bananas are a ‘loss leader’ product sold so cheaply little or no profit is made, but is popular enough to lure shoppers to buy other fruit & veg. So is bad for farmers. Fair trade doesn’t apply to this ‘loss leader’ concept.
Ecuador exports 30000 boxes a week, it set up food banks for struggling families so farmers can have stable income , healthcare is given to families of workers. Education supplies given to children of farmers.
Banana republic- their method of operating in these countries, being almost entirely export orientated, gave little benefit to host nation. A country whose economy is dependent on 1 or a few commodities.
Fair trade became more popular to ‘raise awareness’ of trade injustices & imbalance of power & to advocate change in policies to favour equitable trade. It became formalised through the fair trade stickers to raise awareness!
Negative impacts on Sendal since having fair trade…
- Senegalese farmers need better storage facilities so they can compete in producing better onions.
- rice crops require fertilisers & the Senegalese government was persuaded by world bank to drop suicides on fertilisers. Imported tomato paste from Italy is sold more cheaply than the locally produced product so Senegal for farmers is not financially stable.
Coca-cola
Social: positive- they claim they have improved their water use efficiency by 14% since 2004.
Negative- owner of coke factory (in Columbia) bullied workers into accepting poor conditions. Sugar is one of Britain’s obesity crisis.
Economic: positive- in India: company employs 25,000 people has created 150,000 jobs in companies supplying the factory. They’ve installed more than 500 rainwater harvesting structures in 22 states, Negative- critics argue workers in its Indian bottling plant work long hours of little pay in poor working conditions.
Environmental: positive- Uk: uses PET plastic bottles that are 100% recyclable. Set up 150 recycle bins in Manchester airport. Negative - in India: councils note access to drinking water & water for farming has been made very difficult & places have dried up. Groundwater resources in area fallen fast dropping 7.9 metres (26ft) since coke began its bottling operations.
Global governance
Ways in which organisations work together to manage global issues =eg. Climate change.
The ‘WHO’
Part of the UN, founded in 1948 , international public health
The global commons
Part of planet we share, no individual country has control over them. There are 4: sea & ocean, atmosphere, north & South Pole & outer space. Russia claims ownership of land in the artic thought to contain oil, gas & mineral reserves but has been challenged by several other powers. Except no country ‘owns’ the North Pole (this is the tragedy of the commons).
Place meaning
Perception of an individual visitor/ group of people have of a place.
Place representation
How a place is represented in the media
Place memory
Places trying to make the “past come to life” by preserving old architecture, festivals etc..
Re-imaging
A place tries to distance itself from a previous bad-image.
Rebranding
Way a place is marketed to gain a new identity
Corporate bodies
Organisation who does the rebrand adverts eg.government or travel company
Palm oil
Found in top-selling products like Cadbury chocolate or fish fingers. It makes all products smooth & creamy. It needs consistent high humidity & lots of land to grow. 90% of the worlds population is grown in Malaysia & Indonesia. 13 million ha of rainforest has been transferred into palm oil plantations.
Social/economic problems: TNCs force local inhabitants off land, locals cannot grow crops since soil is polluted & locals are made to work for low wages for TNCs.
Environment problems: water pollution (chemical & soil pollution). Deforestation tripled in size of plantation.
Function
Main function of a place & impact changing its function. Eg: Oxford = education. London = buisnesses/attractions. Chipping campden =history, stone, architecture. Brighton = entertainment
Agent of change
An external force such as government, the local council, businesses & community groups that play a central role in changing the place.
Insiders
They know the place well, respect it, familiar with its way of life & they feel welcome.
Outsiders
Don’t belong, could leave litter, someone who doesn’t know the place well or maybe feel marginalised from the community eg. Feel unwelcome.
Clone towns
Costa coffee is Britain’s largest cafe chain with twice as many outlets as Starbucks, it has spread nationwide or worldwide .
Chipping campden - mix of chain & independent stores but more are independent.
Mc Donald’s success by changing menu to vegetarian is success in India where 1/2 Indians are vegetarian. Also selling burgers (veggie) for 20p! Domino’s has more than 500 restaurants inIndia & KFC has more than 300 etc..
Clone towns
Costa coffee is Britain’s largest cafe chain with twice as many outlets as Starbucks, it has spread nationwide or worldwide .
Chipping campden - mix of chain & independent stores but more are independent.
Mc Donald’s success by changing menu to vegetarian is success in India where 1/2 Indians are vegetarian. Also selling burgers (veggie) for 20p! Domino’s has more than 500 restaurants inIndia & KFC has more than 300 etc..
Inequality
Difference in standard of living for people within the same city/country (money gap/ethnicity gap)
Ghettos
Area of a city where large numbers of minority ethnic groups live. The suburbs of Detroit became 4x teh average income of the inner city (so known as a “doughnut city” (ghettos = triangle shaped roofs).
