Changing political relationship 1920-1930 Flashcards
(36 cards)
What were Gandhi’s main aims and beliefs? (3)
- Satyagraha
- Ahimsa
- Swadesh
When was the Khilafat movement?
1919-24
What was the Khilafat movement?
International Muslim movement protesting against the post-war breakup of the Ottoman Empire
Reasons for Gandhi’s emergence in 1917-1920 (3)
- combining spiritual strength with political awareness had immense popular appeal
- No other political leader to challenge his influence
- Members of Congress so divided that they couldn’t unite to oppose Gandhi
Why did Gandhi not have much political competition in the 1920s
- Tilak died in 1920
- Gokhale died in 1915
- Annie Besant was seen as a woman of little consequence
What were the aims of non-cooperation 1920-1922
- Make the Raj ungovernable
- Aim of swaraj within a year
What did non-cooperation entail (6/7)
- Boycott elections to the new legislative assemblies
- Boycott the law courts
- withhold taxes
- refuse to buy imported goods
- leave all government posts
- remove children from government schools
- refuse invitations from the Raj
Ways in which non-cooperation was a success (2/4)
- Students boycotted exams
- Boycott of British cloth had an economic effect on manufacturers
- Taxes were not paid
- Large number of voters stayed away from 1920 elections
Ways in which non-cooperation failed
- Many Indians were unable to understand the concept of satyagraha
e. g violence broke out when the Prince of Wales visited in 1921
When was the end of non-cooperation and why?
Feb 1922, Chauri Chaura
-Mob had burned to death 22 policemen
What was gained by Congress’ commitment to satyagraha
- Acquired a deeper understanding of peasant needs
- ability to understand local grievances and link with the broader campaign for swaraj
How much did the membership of Congress increase
From 100,000 to 2 million by 1921
Ways in which Congress increased its support? (2)
- Extended its appeal into a wider spread of geographical areas
- Began facilitating interest groups that had been previously neglected. e.g. richer peasantries and commercial castes
What was Gandhi’s political approach in 1924?
- ‘Back to basics’, set up the All-Indian Spinners Association.
- Promoted self-sufficiency and campaigns of mass literacy
Who were the young hooligans?
- Jawarhalal Nehru
- Bose
- Narayan
What did the young hooligans want?
-Total independence and renewed action
What was the Nehru Report (1928)
- Recommended dominion status on the same terms of Canada and Australia
- Suggested Princely states and British India were to be joined in a federation
What was the Simon Commission?
Arrived in 1928, to review the Government of India Act 1919
-Not a single indian on the commission-
Irwin Declaration
1929- Declared that the attainment of dominion status was the logical progression of the Montagu declaration
Delhi Proposal
1927- proposals to safeguard Muslim representation
Jinnah’s 14 points
1929- Legal safeguard to protect minority rights
-Rejected by Congress
When was the goal of Purna Swaraj decided?
Dec 1929
When was the Salt March?
March 1930
What was the Salt March protesting
-Britain’s Salt tax and to publicise a boycott of salt
