Changing populations

Question 1

North-South divide

Answer 1

the increasing inequality in levels of development between the North and the South or between HICs and LICs

Question 2

Development gap

Answer 2

the difference in wealth between developed world (north) and the developing world (south)

Question 3

OPEC

Answer 3

the organization of Petroleom Exporting Countries, representing the interets of oil exporters.

Question 4

The G7/G8

Answer 4

A group of the world’s wealthiest and most powerful countries

Question 5

The G10 or Paris Club

Answer 5

a group representing the wealthiest members of the International Monetary Fund

Question 6

Gross national income (GNI) capita (is measured)

Answer 6

by dividing a country’s gross national income by its mid-year population.

Question 7

What does Chinas population distribution result from?

Answer 7

Its physical geography. Only small proportion of the country is able to provide the rain-fed agriculture

Question 8

Internal migration in China

Answer 8

Migrants have left rural areas to seek work in urban areas.

Question 9

What does South Africas population distribution result from?

Answer 9

High population densities are found in ares where there are good mineral resources, good farmin potential and good trading potential

Question 10

Internal migration in South Africa

Answer 10

Economic migration link with industrial development, apertheid movememt

Question 11

Circular migration

Answer 11

a feature of South Africa’s migration, when a worker moves repeatedly between home and host areas.

Question 12

4 physical factors that affect the distribution of population at the global scale

Answer 12

Climate, water supply, soil, resources

Question 13

2 human factors that affect the distribution of population at the global scale

Answer 13

Economic, cultural

Question 14

CPE

Answer 14

centrally planned economies

Question 15

NIC

Answer 15

newly industrializing countries

Question 16

LIC

Answer 16

low-income countries

Question 17

HIC

Answer 17

high-income countries

Question 18

Main patterns of migration in China

Answer 18

Most of the migrants moved to the urban industrial cities by the coast

Question 19

Two physical reasons for the distribution of population in china

Answer 19

Countries physical geography, economic growth

Question 20

Political system in South Africa that was responsible for the distribution population

Answer 20

Aperheid system

Question 21

State the proportion of population in China that live on the most densely populated 0.5% of the land.

Answer 21

11%

Question 22

State the proportion of population in China that live on the least densely populated 50% of the land.

Answer 22

Less than 4%

Question 23

BRIKS

Answer 23

Brazil, RUSSIA, INDIA, CHINA, SOUTH AFRICA

Question 24

The general demographic transition model (DTM) shows:

Answer 24

the change in birth rate and death rate over time.

Question 25

How is natural increase calculated?

Answer 25

by substracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate. Expressed as percentage

Question 26

When does natural decrease occur?

Answer 26

When the death rate exceeds the birth rate

Question 27

What is population change

Answer 27

the balance between birth rate, death rate and migration

Question 28

Doubling time

Answer 28

is the number of years needed for a population to double in size. It is found by dividing 70 years by the rate of natural increase %. Expressed in years

Question 29

Population momentum

Answer 29

the tendency for a population to grow despite a fall in the birth rate or fertility rate

Question 30

Population projections

Answer 30

predictions about future population based on trends in fertility

Question 31

The total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 31

is the average number of births per thousand woman of childbearing age

Question 32

Life expectancy

Answer 32

the average number of years that a person can be expected to live, usually from birth, assuming that demographic factors remain unchanged.

Question 33

Dependency ratio

Answer 33

measure the working population and the dependent population

Question 34

Forced migration

Answer 34

the movement of refugees and internally displaced people (those displaced by conflicts) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters ect.

Question 35

types of forced migration

Answer 35

Conflict-induced migration - this includes people who are forced to move due to armed conflict Development-induced migration - this includes people who are forced to move as a result of large-scale infrastructure projects Disaster-induced migration - this includes people who are forced to move due to natural disasters

Question 36

Types of forced migrants (7)

Answer 36

1. Refugees - people who moved due to dangers of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion in the country 2. Asylum seekers - a person who has left their country of origin in search of protection in another country 3. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) - groups of people who were forced to move out of their country due to armed conflict, natural disasters ect. 4. Development displacees - forced to move as a result of policies and projects to promote development. 5. Environmental and disaster displacees - environmental refugees or disaster refugees 6. Smuggled people - people who moved illegally for profit 7. Trafficked people - people moved by deception for the purpose of exploitation and profit

Question 37

The older dependency ratio (ODR)

Answer 37

acts as an indicator of the balance between working-age people and the older population that they must support

Question 38

Pro-natalist

Answer 38

Country who wishes to increases its population size

Question 39

Anti-natalist

Answer 39

Country who wishes to limit its population size

Question 40

Demographic dividend

Answer 40

Refers to a bulge in the numbers of adults in a population. It occurs when fertility rate decline, allowing faster economic growth

Question 41

Benefits of the demographic dividend

Answer 41

Increased labour supply, increase in savings, healthier women and fewer social and economic pressures at home, economic growth

Question 42

Stage 1

Answer 42

Birth dates and death rates are high and variable No countries, only some indigenous tribes at this stage

Question 43

Stage 2

Answer 43

Birth rates remains high but the death rate comes down rapidly, population growth is rapid Afghanistan, Sudan and Libya

Question 44

Stage 3

Answer 44

birth rate drops and death rate remains low, population growth continues but at a smaller rate Brazil and Argentina

Question 45

Stage 4

Answer 45

Birth rates and death rates are low and variable UK and most developed countries

Question 46

Stage 5

Answer 46

Birth rate is lower than death rate, Japan