Changing Rural Environments

Question 0

Define the term ‘commuting’.

Answer 0

Travelling from one place to another in order to go to work

Question 1

What is irrigation?

Answer 1

Watering of farm land by artificial means, mainly in dry areas

Question 2

What are some of the problems affecting Cornwall?

Answer 2

Seasonal jobs
Expensive housing
Difficult travel
Narrow roads
Too much tourism
Ghost villages

Question 3

What is shifting cultivation?

Answer 3

Cutting down trees to farm subsistently

Question 4

What are cash crops?

Answer 4

Crops sold for a profit

Question 5

What is sustainable development?

Answer 5

Progress which doesn’t harm the needs of future generations or the environment

Question 6

Describe the process of salinisation.

Answer 6

Evaporation draws water to the surface of the ground. The high salinity of the water can kills the plants. There is a constant flow of water containing salts. Rapid evaporation leaves a layer of salt on the surface of the ground which affects the soil fertility.

Question 7

What is the purpose of Set-aside?

Answer 7

It encourages farmers not to grow on 10% of their land, and if they do this they receive money. This helps avoid there being a mass of wasted food and it also keeps farmers in business.

Question 8

Define the term ‘subsistence farming’.

Answer 8

Food grown for the farmer and his family, not for profit

Question 9

What is counter urbanisation?

Answer 9

The process of people moving from towns and cities into the countryside

Question 10

State the main characteristics of a commuter village.

Answer 10

Lots of services
Middle aged couples
Transport links
SOME jobs

Question 11

State some arguments against second home ownership.

Answer 11

Creates ghost towns
Busy at weekends and holidays
Businesses close down due to lack of trade during weekdays
House prices rise

Question 12

Name the 6 government schemes that help encourage sustainable rural living.

Answer 12

Environmental stewardship scheme
Rural development programmes 
Rural transport partnership
Village shop development scheme
Rural challenge
Objective 1

Question 13

What is the purpose of the ‘Objective 1’ scheme? How do they do this?

Answer 13

To revive traditional industries and community economy and sort out social problems.
Provide funding, create jobs, give guidance.

Question 14

What is the purpose of rural challenge? How do they do this?

Answer 14

Generating jobs, improving living standards, tackling social disadvantage.
Create jobs, new community facilities etc.

Question 15

What is the role of rural development programmes? How do they do this?

Answer 15

Encouraging sustainable farming methods.

Provide funding and support for farmers to carry this out.

Question 16

What is the aim of the rural transport partnership scheme? How do they do this?

Answer 16

To give money and advice to transport groups

Eg. Students discounts, buses4u, support for students who need to travel to college courses etc.

Question 17

What is the purpose of the village shop development scheme? How do they do this?

Answer 17

To provide help for village and farm shops and other local services so that they can provide for their communities more efficiently.
Creates job opportunities, lower carbon emissions, reopening services.

Question 18

What are the aims of the environmental stewardship scheme? How do they fulfil these aims?

Answer 18

To help farmers improve their sustainability and encourage sustainable farming methods.
Conserve wildlife, provide funding, improve landscape quality, increase biodiversity, provide flood management.

Question 19

Describe the process of the drip scheme.

Answer 19

Pipes are laid across fields and water flows through these pipes and drips out, it gradually sinks into the ground

Question 20

What is the sprinkler scheme?

Answer 20

Pressure sprinklers distribute water to crops

Question 21

Give one disadvantage of the sprinkler scheme.

Answer 21

Expensive

Question 22

What is extensive farming?

Answer 22

Small outputs from each hectare

Question 23

What is intensive farming?

Answer 23

Large outputs from each hectare

Question 24

Is subsistence farming usually intensive or extensive?

Answer 24

Extensive

Question 25

What are cash crops?

Answer 25

Growing crops to make a profit

Question 26

What is cash cultivation?

Answer 26

Growing cash crops

Question 27

What are some of the uses of the rural-urban fringe?

Answer 27

Out of town retail outlets Leisure facilities Transport links Housing

Question 28

What are some of the impacts on the rural-urban fringe of expanding cities?

Answer 28

Noise pollution Traffic Farmers forced to sell land Habitats destroyed

Question 29

Why are the more second home ownerships nowadays?

Answer 29

Urbanisation People are earning more It is secure as a holiday

Question 30

What are some of the advantages of living in Cornwall?

Answer 30

Weather Countryside Peaceful surroundings Coastline

Question 31

State 3 disadvantages of rural depopulation.

Answer 31

Cities become overcrowded Fewer people to help maintain the countryside More pollution in cities

Question 32

Give 2 advantages of second home ownership.

Answer 32

Increased income from tourism | More socialising between different groups

Question 33

What is a commuter village?

Answer 33

A village where most of its residents commute to a nearby town or city

Question 34

State six land uses in the rural urban fringe.

Answer 34

``` Houses Farming Roads Sports fields Factories Farm shops Hunting Schools Supermarkets Conservation ```

Question 35

What is a green belt?

Answer 35

An area, usually around a city, that has building restrictions on it. This prevents outward expansion of towns and cities to protect the natural environment.

Question 36

State four characteristics of Kempsey that suggest it is a commuter village.

Answer 36

Main road through the centre leading to the nearest city Small village shops Slowly expanding Housing estate development

Question 37

State 7 problems in Cornwall.

Answer 37

Location, declined industry, poverty, difficult to access, ghost villages, too much tourism, 1 small regional airport, seasonal jobs, narrow roads, expensive housing.

Question 38

Give three reasons why there is a decline in services in Cornwall.

Answer 38

Lack of people living in the villages Introduction of new travel services Business not sustainable because of urban growth

Question 39

Why is there an increase in second home ownership I'm Cornwall?

Answer 39

People moving out so more houses to buy | Weather

Question 40

Give an example of a remote rural area in the UK.

Answer 40

Cornwall

Question 41

Give three negative impacts of second home ownership.

Answer 41

Ghost towns during the week Only business at weekends and holiday times Houses prices will rise

Question 42

Give two positive impacts of second home ownership.

Answer 42

Increases income from tourism | Socialising with other groups of people

Question 43

Give an example of a declining village.

Answer 43

Truthwall, West Cornwall

Question 44

Give five of advantages of living in Truthwall.

Answer 44

Weather, countryside, peaceful surroundings, not urbanised, clean, unpolluted, coastal, tourist income.

Question 45

Give an example of an area with commercial farming, in the UK.

Answer 45

East Anglia

Question 46

Give two physical factors for why East Anglia is suited to farming.

Answer 46

Low rainfall, but most of it falls in the summer when it is most useful to growing crops. Warm summers, plenty of sunshine hours.

Question 47

Give five human factors for why East Anglia is well suited to farming.

Answer 47

``` Space, good for big machinery. Farms often share large equipment. Many farms owned by large businesses. Financial inputs are high. Much money is spent on chemical fertilisers, pesticides, weed killers etc. ```