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Chap 1 Flashcards

Rise of British rule in india (93 cards)

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1
Q

Why was India considered important to European countries? (Hint: Look at the first paragraph)

A

economic cultural, and religious inheritance.specially spices, silk cloth , cotton cloth, etc

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2
Q

What event led to the closing of the land route between Europe and India? (Hint: Look at the second paragraph)

A

The conquest of Constantinople by the Turkish Muslims in 1453 A.D.

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3
Q

According to the map, what was the old waterway to India? (Hint: Look at the map legend)

A

From constantinople

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4
Q

What were some of the Indian goods that were in demand in Europe? (Hint: Look at the first paragraph)

A

Spices, muslin, indigo, silk cloth

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5
Q

Which Indian King welcomed Vasco da Gama in Calicut? (Hint: Look at the fourth paragraph)

A

King zamorin

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6
Q

Who finally discovered the sea route to India and in what year? (Hint: Look at the fourth paragraph)

A

Vasco da gama in 1498

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7
Q

What was the new land discovered by Columbus eventually named? (Hint: Look at the third paragraph)

A

West Indies (America)

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8
Q

Who mistakenly believed he had discovered a new sea route to India and what did he actually discover? (Hint: Look at the third paragraph)

A

Christopher Columbus

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9
Q

Who discovered the “Cape of Good Hope”? (Hint: Look at the third paragraph)

A

Bartholomew diaz

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10
Q

Who was the Portuguese King who encouraged the search for a new sea route to India? (Hint: Look at the third paragraph)

A

Prince henry

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11
Q

Who were the first Europeans to arrive in India for trade?

A

The Portuguese

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12
Q

What territories did the Portuguese take control of in India?

A
  • Diu
  • Daman
  • Goa
  • Cochin
  • Malacca
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13
Q

Which countries followed the Portuguese to India for trade?

A
  • Dutch (from Holland)
  • Danish (from Denmark)
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14
Q

What was established by English traders to carry out trade with India?

A

The East India Company

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15
Q

In what year did Queen Elizabeth of England give permission to the East India Company to trade?

A

1600 A.D.

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16
Q

Who was the leader of the first ship that arrived in Surat?

A

Captain William Hawkins

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17
Q

Why were the English traders initially unable to establish trade in Surat?

A

Due to dominance and opposition from the Portuguese

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18
Q

Who gave the East India Company permission to trade in India?

A

Mughal Emperor Jehangir

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19
Q

When did the British East India Company establish its first trade centre in Surat?

A

1613 A.D.

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20
Q

What were the initial trade centres established by the East India Company?

A
  • Surat
  • Bharuch
  • Ahmedabad
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21
Q

Where did the East India Company move after sensing danger from the Marathas?

A
  • Machlipattanam (Andhra Pradesh)
  • Saint George (Chennai)
  • Fort William (Kolkata)
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22
Q

What became the headquarters of the East India Company in 1687 A.D.?

A

Mumbai

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23
Q

When did the French East India Company arrive in India?

A

1668 A.D.

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24
Q

What were the trade centres established by the French East India Company?

A
  • Mahe
  • Karaikal
  • Pondicherry (Puducherry)
  • Chandranagar
  • Machlipattanam
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25
What were the three Karnataka Wars fought between?
The French East India Company and the British East India Company
26
What was the outcome of the Karnataka Wars for the French East India Company?
They lost, leading to the expansion of the British East India Company
27
At the end of the battle for power, which territories were left with the Portuguese?
* Diu * Daman * Goa
28
Where did the French maintain their trade centres after the wars?
* Chandranagar * Mahe * Karaikal * Pondicherry
29
Fill in the blank: The Portuguese were the first to arrive in India for trade after the discovery of the _______.
sea route to India
30
True or False: The Dutch were the first Europeans to arrive in India.
False
31
Who was ruling over Bengal during the Battle of Plassey?
Siraj-ud-Daula
32
What fortress did the British East India Company build around Kolkata?
A fortress for security reasons
33
What did Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula do to the fortress built by the British East India Company?
Destroyed the fortress
34
Who led the small army of the East India Company to Bengal?
Robert Clive
35
What was the date of the Battle of Plassey?
23rd June, 1757 A.D.
36
Where is the battlefield of Plassey located?
38 km from Murshidabad, West Bengal
37
Who was the commander-in-chief that was coaxed to join the conspiracy against Siraj-ud-Daula?
Mir Jafar
38
What was the outcome of the Battle of Plassey?
Siraj-ud-Daula was defeated
39
What did the Company gain as a result of the Battle of Plassey?
Frechold over 24 Parganas
40
Who was made the Nawab of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey?
Mir Jafar
41
What was the significance of the Battle of Plassey?
Foundation of the Company's rule in India
42
Who was dethroned by the East India Company after Mir Jafar?
Mir Qasim
43
What did Mir Qasim do when he was dethroned?
Took refuge with the Nawab of Awadh
44
When was the Battle of Buxar fought?
22nd October, 1764
45
What rights did the East India Company gain after the Battle of Buxar?
Diwani rights to Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa
46
What act did the English government pass in 1773?
Regulating Act
47
Who became the first Governor General of India?
Warren Hastings
48
Which wars were waged during Warren Hastings' tenure?
* First Maratha War * Second Mysore War
49
Who took over as Governor General after Warren Hastings?
Cornwallis
50
Which war took place during Cornwallis' tenure?
Third Mysore War
51
What was Tipu Sultan famously known as?
Tiger of Mysore
52
Who did the Company join hands with to defeat Tipu Sultan?
* Marathas * Nizam
53
Who became the Governor General after Sir John Shore?
Governor General Wellesley ## Footnote Wellesley succeeded John Shore.
54
What system did Governor General Wellesley introduce to make the Company supreme in India?
Subsidiary Alliance System ## Footnote This system aimed to strengthen British control over Indian states.
55
What was the primary condition of the Subsidiary Alliance System regarding military support?
The East India Company would provide an army to protect the state ## Footnote This army would defend against internal and external attacks.
56
What must a state provide in return for the army under the Subsidiary Alliance System?
Provide for the army or give away provinces with equivalent income to the British ## Footnote This was a key financial obligation of the states accepting the system.
57
True or False: A state could wage war or sign treaties with other states without the Company's permission.
False ## Footnote States were prohibited from engaging in military actions without Company approval.
58
What was required regarding foreign representatives in a state that accepted the Subsidiary Alliance?
There would be one English representative in the state assembly ## Footnote This ensured British influence in local governance.
59
What metaphor was used to describe the Subsidiary Alliance System?
'Sweet poison' ## Footnote This term reflects the deceptive nature of the alliance, leading to annexation.
60
Who did Governor General Wellesley ask to accept the Subsidiary Alliance System?
Tipu Sultan ## Footnote Tipu Sultan was the ruler of Mysore and resisted British demands.
61
What was the outcome of Tipu Sultan's refusal to accept the Subsidiary Alliance?
The Company attacked Mysore in 1799 ## Footnote This led to the Fourth Mysore War.
62
What significant event occurred during the Fourth Mysore War?
Tipu Sultan lost his life while fighting against the British ## Footnote His death marked a turning point in British dominance in India.
63
Who was the Governor General of India after Wellesley?
Hastings
64
What war did Hastings wage against Nepal?
The war with Nepal
65
What group did Hastings make join the army?
The Gurkhas
66
What battle did Hastings fight to take control over the Pindharas?
A battle with the Pindharas
67
Which war established the supremacy of the Company?
The Third Maratha War
68
How is William Bentinck characterized compared to earlier Governor Generals?
As a 'liberal Governor General'
69
What did Bentinck believe about dissatisfaction in different states?
It could not bring about any unity
70
In what year did Dalhousie become the Governor General of India?
1848
71
What type of policy did Dalhousie adopt for expansion?
The Policy of Annexation
72
List two regions annexed by Dalhousie due to war.
* Punjab * Pegu (lower Burma)
73
Name one region annexed by Dalhousie due to mismanagement.
Awadh
74
What was the first railway line in India and when was it established?
Between Mumbai-Thane, 1853 A.D.
75
What law did Dalhousie pass to advocate for social reform?
Laws to ban child marriage and advocate widow remarriage
76
What significant event occurred in 1857 A.D. related to British rule in India?
The first struggle for independence
77
What was the economic impact of the Company on India over 100 years?
India became a country that produced raw material for England
78
What was the Dual Power Policy?
A policy where the British collected revenue while the Nawab was responsible for people's welfare
79
How did the unfair revenue collection policy affect Indian peasants?
It made them debtors
80
What did the British government impose on Indian cloth industries?
Unfair taxes
81
What happened to the prosperous Indian industries due to British practices?
They completely collapsed
82
83
What happened to artisans under Company rule?
They became poor and unemployed. ## Footnote The Company traders forced weavers to sign contracts under harsh conditions.
84
What were Indian villages like before the arrival of the Company?
Self-reliant and prosperous. ## Footnote The Company rule led to their dependency and poverty.
85
What was the first railway line established during the Company rule?
Between Mumbai and Thane. ## Footnote This period also saw the initiation of steamer service between India and England.
86
What social changes occurred during British administration due to newspapers?
Development of freedom of speech and thought. ## Footnote Newspapers played a significant role in spreading ideas among the people.
87
Name some wrong social customs prevalent during the Company's rule.
* Sati System * Female infanticide * Child marriage ## Footnote These customs were challenged by reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
88
Who were some key figures in social reform during the British rule?
* Raja Ram Mohan Roy * Durgaram Mehta * Behramji Malbari ## Footnote They worked to abolish harmful practices with the help of the British.
89
What was the impact of English education in India?
A class of people with knowledge of English developed. ## Footnote This group demanded social reforms and contributed to the reform movement.
90
Which universities were established in India as per Charles Wood's recommendations?
* Mumbai * Madras * Kolkata ## Footnote These universities were part of the anglicization of the administrative framework.
91
What was the main goal of the East India Company in India?
To make England prosperous at the cost of India. ## Footnote Despite this, some reforms indirectly benefited India.
92
Fill in the blank: The Company rule produced certain good and bad results in the _______ fields.
[political, economic, social, cultural] ## Footnote The impact was multifaceted across various domains.
93
True or False: The East India Company aimed to improve Indian society for the benefit of Indians.
False. ## Footnote The reforms were primarily for the Company's own interests.

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