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PTA EXAM > Chap 1 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chap 1 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

(120 cards)

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1
Q

Rancho los amigos phases

A
  1. Initial contact
  2. Loading response
  3. Mid stance
  4. Terminal stance
  5. Pre swing
  6. Initial swing
  7. Mid swing
  8. Terminal swing
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2
Q

Standard gate

A
  1. Heel strike
  2. Foot flat
  3. Midstance
  4. Heel off
  5. Toe off
  6. Acceleration
  7. Midswing
  8. Deceleration
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3
Q

Peak activity during gate:

Anterior tibia

A
  1. Initial contact/heel strike
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4
Q

Peak activity during gate:

Gastro/soleus

A
  1. Terminal stance/heel off
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5
Q

Peak activity during gate:

Quads

A
  1. Midstance/mid stance (single)

4. Terminal stance/heel off (double)

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6
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Hip flexion

A

0-30

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7
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Hip extension

A

0-10

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8
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Knee flexion

A

0-60

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9
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Knee extension

A

0

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10
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Ankle dorsiflexion

A

0-10

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11
Q

ROM for normal gait:

Ankle plantar flexion

A

0-20

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12
Q

Cadence

A

110-120 steps per min

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13
Q

Step length

A

28”

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14
Q

Stride length

A

56”

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15
Q

Pelvic rotation

A

4/4, 8 total

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16
Q

BOS

A

2”-4”

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17
Q

Toe out

A

7

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18
Q

Vaulting gate

A

Swing leg advance do to compensation through elevation of pelvis and plantar flexion of stance leg

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19
Q

Tabetic

A

High step and ataxic w/ foot slap

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20
Q

Steppage gait

A

Feet/toes are lifted through hip/knee flexion. Second to dorsiflexion weakness. Slap step

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21
Q

Festinating

A

Toe walk

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22
Q

Double step

A

Difference in step length and rate

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23
Q

Antalgic

A

Shortened steps due to protection from pain

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24
Q

Degree of ROM:

Shoulder

A 
Flexion 0-180
Extension 0-60
Abduction 0-180
Medial rotation 0-70
Lateral rotation 0-90
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25
Degree of ROM: Elbow
Extension 0 | Flexion 0-150
26
Degree of ROM: Forearm
Pronation 0-80 | Supination 0-80
27
Degree of ROM: Wrist
Flexion 0-80 Extension 0-70 Radial deviation 0-20 Ulnar deviation 0-30
28
Degree of ROM: Metacarpophalageal
Flexion 0-90 | Hyperextension 0-45
29
Degree of ROM: Proximal interphalangeal
Flexion 0-100
30
Degree of ROM: Distal interphalangeal
Flexion 0-50 | Hyperextension 0-10
31
Degree of ROM: Thumb
Flexion - Metacarpophalageal 0-50 Flexion - interphalangeal 0-80
32
Degree of ROM: Hip
``` Flexion 0-120 Extension 0-30 Abduction 0-45 Adduction 0-30 Medial rotation 0-45 Internal rotation 0-45 ```
33
Degree of ROM: Knee
Extension 0 | Flexion 0-135
34
Degree of ROM: Ankle
Dorsiflexion 0-20 Plantar flexion 0-50 Inversion 0-35 Eversion 0-15
35
Degree of ROM: Subtalar
Inversion 0-5 | Eversion 0-5
36
Degree of ROM: Cervical spine
Flexion 0-45 Extension 0-45 Lateral flexion 0-45 Rotation 0-60
37
Degree of ROM: Thoracolumbar spine
Flexion 0-80 Extension 0-25 Lateral flexion 0-35 Rotation 0-45
38
Goni: Elbow
Axis: lateral epicondyle of humerus Stationary arm: lateral midline of humerus. Center of acromial process for reference Movable arm: lateral midline or radius. Use radial head and radial styloid for reference
39
Goni: Forearm
Pronation | Axis: lateral epicondyle of humerus
40
Tall Californian Navy Medical Interns Lay Cuties
``` Talus Calcanious Navicular Medial cuneiform Immediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Cuboid ```
41
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle
``` Scaphoid Lunate Triquesal Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate ```
42
Sprain vs strain
Sprain - acute ligament injury | Strain - chronic tendonosis of muscle, tendon or attachments
43
Q angle
ASIS to tibial tuberosity, measured at mid patella Men - 13 Women - 18
44
Scapula elevation
Upper trap | Levator scap
45
Scapula Depression
Lats Pec major Pec minor Low trap
46
Scapula protraction
Serratus | Pec minor
47
Scapula retraction
Trap | Rhomboids
48
Scapula up word rotation
Trap | Serratus
49
Scapula downward rotation
Rhomboids Levator scap Pec minor
50
knee flexion
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus sartorius
51
knee extension
vastus lat, inter, med | rectus femoris
52
ankle plantar flexion (7)
``` tibialis posterior gastroc soleus peroneus longus peroneus brevis plantaris flexor hallucis ```
53
ankle dorsiflexion (4)
tibialis anterior extenson hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus peroneus tertius
54
ankle Inversion (3)
tibialis posterior tibialis anterior flexor digitorum longus
55
ankle eversion (3)
peroneus longus peroneus brevis peroneus tertius
56
shoulder flexion (4)
anterior delt coracobrachialis pecs major biceps brachii
57
shoulder extension 3
lats posterior delt teres major
58
shoulder abduction 2
mid delt | supraspinatious
59
lateral rotation 3
teres minor infraspinatus posterior delt
60
shoulder adduction 3
pec major lats teres major
61
shoulder medial rotation 5
``` subscapularsis teres major pec major lats anterior delt ```
62
radiounlnar joint supination 2
biceps brachii | supinator
63
radiounlnar joint pronation 2
pronator teres | pronator quadratious
64
elbow flexion 3
biceps brachii brachialis brachioradialis
65
elbow extension 3
extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi unlaris
66
hip flexion 4
iliopsoas sartorius rectus femoris pectineus
67
hip extension 4
gluteus maximus/medius semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris
68
hip abduction 5
``` glute med glute min piriformis obturator internus TFL ```
69
hip adduction 4
adductor magnus adductor longus adductor brevis gracilis
70
hip medial rotation 5
``` TFL glute med glute min pectineus adductor longus ```
71
hip lateral rotation 6
``` glute max obturator internus obturator externus piriformis gemelli sartorius ```
72
UE's special tests
Allen (vascular insuffciency/thoracic outlet syndrome) Varus/Valgus (lig instability) Cozen's (lat/med epicondylitis) Tinel's sign (neuro/vascular insufficiency) Finkelstein (tendonosis of thumb)
73
Hip special tests
Ely's (prone w/ knee flexed) Ober's (sidelying w/ leg ext/Abd) Piriformis (sidelying leg into ABd/Add) Thomas (supine, knee to chest)
74
Knee special tests
Anterior draw/Lachman's (ACL) Posterior draw/Post sag (PCL) Varus (LCL) Valgus (MCL)
75
Meniscus special tests
Appley's Compression (prone w/ knee flexed) | McMurray's (supine w/ medial rotation of tib, knee ext)
76
Thompson's test
Achilles (DVT)
77
Tredelenberg
glute med weakness
78
Patrick's (Faber's) test
ilioposas, hip joint issues
79
SITTS muscles
Supraspinatus | Infer aspirated
80
SITS muscles
Supraspinatus Inferspinatus Teres minor Subscapularsis
81
indications for mobilization
restricted joint mobility restricted accessory motion improves neurophysiological effects
82
convex on concave
roll and slide = opposite direction | mobilizing force = opposite direction of bone movement
83
concave on convex
roll and slide = same direction | mobilizing force = same direction of bone movement
84
glenohumeral joint
convex: humerus concave: glenoid opposite direction
85
ulnohumeral joint
convex: humerus concave: ulna same direction
86
radiohumeral joint
convex: humeral concave: radius same direction
87
proximal radioulnar joint
convex: radius concave: ulna opposite direction
88
distal radioulnar joint
convex: ulna concave: radius same direction
89
radiocarpal joint
convex: carpals concave: radius opposite direction
90
hip joint
convex: femur concave: acetabulum opposite direction
91
tibiofemoral joint
convex: femur concave: tibia same direction
92
patellofemoral joint
convex: patella concave: femur opposite direction
93
proximal tibiofibular joint
convex: tibia concave: fibula same direction
94
distal tibiofibular joint
convex: fibula concave: tibia opposite direction
95
talocrural joint
convex: talus concave: tibia and fibula opposite direction
96
subtalar joint
convex: anterior and mid talus concave: anterior and mid calcaneus same direction convex: posterior calcaneous concave: posterior talus opposite direction
97
AFO
controls: dorsi/plantar/eversion/inversion position: 90 prevents: drop foot common with: neuropathy, nerve lesions, hemiplegia
98
KAFO
controls: support/stability of knee and angle position: proper alignment of ankle, lock mechanism for knee
99
HKAFO
controls: Abd/adduction and hip rotation common: hip/knee/ankle/foot weakness prevents: swing-to or swing-through pattern
100
Parapodiums
standing frame which allows patient to sit when necessary controls: ambulation through weight shifting common: pediatrics
101
Corset
controls: abdominal compression/support relives: pain with mid/LBP
102
Milwaukee orthosis
realignment of spine due to scoliosis
103
TLSO
stops spinal rotation post surgery
104
Syme's
removal of foot at ankle including the malleoli
105
Chopart's
disarticulation at the midtarsal joint
106
disease-modifying antirhemuatic agents
action: slows rheumatic disease through inhibition of immune response
107
glucocorticoid agents (corticosteroids)
action: reduces inflammation chronic conditions
108
nonopoid agents
action: reduction in prostaglandin formation that produces anti-inflammatory effects, initiates anti-pyestic properties and provides pain relief
109
opioid agents (narcotics)
action: anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic properties, provides pain relief
110
Achilles tendon rupture
1-2" above insertion on calcaneus common at 30-50 yrs old unable to stand on toes (thompson's)
111
adhesive capsulitis
middleage, more common in females detected by arthrogram by fluid volume ROM restriction (lat/medial rotation/aBD)
112
carpal tunnel
35-55 yrs of age, more common in females muscle atrophy in abductior pollicis brevis Tinel's sign/Phalen's test
113
Colles' Fracture
FOOSH injury
114
degenerative spondylolisthesis
weakness of joints causing forward slippage of vertebra most common L4-L5 William's flexion exercises to strengthen abs/ reduce lordosis
115
Duchenne MD
X-linked recessive trait in male offspring making females the carrier
116
Osgood-Schlatter
traction apophysitis at Tib tuberosity pain during running, jumping, squatting 4-8 weeks recovery time
117
Osteomyelitis
infection in bone secondary to staph infection (surgical procedure, compound fracture, puncture wound)
118
patellofemoral syndrome
damage to articular cartilage of patella common during adolescence (female more than male) management: stretching, edema control, improving ROM
119
scoliosis
curvature between 25-40 degrees
120
spinal stenosis (lumbar)
narrowing of intervertebral foramen compressing the nerve root

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