chap 1 principle and concepts

Question 1

New pain that is often severe, continuous, and perhaps disabling. Tend to be irritable

Answer 1

Acute pain

Question 2

Aggravating, not as intense, has been experienced before

Answer 2

Chronic pain

Question 3

Peripheral sensitization of nocireceptors

Answer 3

AKA primary hyperalgesia. when tissue has been damaged, substances are released leading to inflammation, resulting localized pain

Question 4

Central sensitization

Answer 4

AKA secondary hyperalgesia: more central process involving Spinal cord and brain, manifests itself as widespread hypersensitivity to such physical mental and emotional stressors

Question 5

Acute condition (how many days)

Answer 5

7-10days

Question 6

subacute conditions

Answer 6

10 days to 7 weeks

Question 7

Chronic conditions

Answer 7

longer than 7 weeks

Question 8

cramping, dull, aching

Answer 8

muscle pain

Question 9

dull aching

Answer 9

ligament, joint capsule

Question 10

sharp shooting

Answer 10

Nerve root

Question 11

Sharp bright, lightening like

Answer 11

Nerve

Question 12

Burning, pressurelike, stinging, aching

Answer 12

sympathetic nerve

Question 13

Deep nagging dull

Answer 13

Bone

Question 14

Sharp, severe, intolerable

Answer 14

fracture

Question 15

Throbbing, diffuse

Answer 15

Vasculature

Question 16

Locking (joint) vs. Pseudolocking

Answer 16

Locking: joint cannot be fully extended i.e meniscal tear in the knee
Pseudolocking: does not extend one time, does extend next time i.e. loose body

Question 17

spasm locking/ giving way

Answer 17

Spasm locking: can no be put through a full ROM because mm spasm or because mvmt was too fast

Giving way: by reflex inhibition or weakness of mm due to anticipating pain or instability

Question 18

Laxity vs hypermobility

Answer 18

Laxity: excessive ROM but can control movement and no pathology

Hypermobility: has pathological component, can not control at end range, instability of joint

Question 19

Static flexibility and dynamic flexibility

Answer 19

Static flexibility: ROM available

Dynamic flexibility: stiffness, ease of movement

Question 20

translational instability vs anatomical instability

Answer 20

translational instability: AKA pathological or mechanical instability, loss of control of the small arthrokinematic joint movement (spin, slide, roll, translation)

Anatomical instability: AKA clinical or gross instability, mechanical instability or pathological hypermobility, excessive or gross physiological movement in the joint where patient become apprehensive a the end of ROM because of subluxation or dislocation

Question 21

Functional instability

Answer 21

either or both type, arthrokinematic or osteokinematic

Question 22

Voluntary instability vs involuntary instability

Answer 22

Voluntary instability: initiated by mm contraction

Involuntary instability: initiated by positioning

Question 23

circle concept of instability

Answer 23

one side joint dislocation/injury affect the other side

Question 24

myotome, dermatome, sclerotome

Answer 24

myotome: mm supplied by a single nerve root
Dermatome: area of skin “””
sclerotome: area of bone or fascia “”””

Question 25

Radicular or radicular pain

Answer 25

form of referred pain, sharp shooting pain felt in a dermatome, myotome, sclerotome due to direct involvement or damage to spinal nerve or nerve root

Question 26

Radiculopathy

Answer 26

radiating paresthesia, numbness or weakness but not pain

Question 27

myelopathy

Answer 27

is a neurogenic disorder involving the spinal cord or brain and resulting an upper motor neuron lesion (can affect both upper and lower limb)

Question 28

myofascial hypomobility

Answer 28

results from adaptive shortening or hypertonicity of the muscles or from posttraumatic adhesions or scarring

Question 29

pericapsular hypomobility

Answer 29

a capsular or ligamentous origin may result from adhesions, scarring, arthritis, arthrosis, fibrosis, or tissue adaptation

Question 30

Pathomechanical hypomobility

Answer 30

as a result of joint trauma (micro or macro) leading to restriction in one or more directions

Question 31

abnormal end feel: early mm spasm, late mm spasm

Answer 31

early mm spasm: protective spasm from injury | late mm spasm: due to instability or pain

Question 32

Abnormal end feel: hard capsular/soft capsular

Answer 32

``` hard capsular: a thicker stretching quality to it (such as frozen shoulder) Soft capsular (boggy): edema, synovitis ```

Question 33

abnormal end feel: Bone to bone/empty/springy block

Answer 33

Bone to bone: osteophytic formation Empty: acute subacromial bursitis, can't achieve due to pain Springy block: meniscus tear

Question 34

postural or tonic muscles

Answer 34

responsible for maintaining upright posture, tendency to become tight and hypertonic with pathology Pec, psoas, gastroc/soleus

Question 35

phasic muscles

Answer 35

tend to become weak and inhibited with pathology | Rhomboids, abs, tib ant

Question 36

SOAP means

Answer 36

Subjective Objective Assessment Plan