Chap. 1 Range M.

Question 1

Rangeland

Answer 1

uncultivated land that provides the necessities of life for grazing and browsing animals.

Question 2

Range Management

Answer 2

Manipulation of rangeland components to obtain optimum combination of goods and services for society on a sustained basis.

Question 3

Multiple Use

Answer 3

Harmonious use of the range for more than one purpose; livestock, wildlife, water, recreation, etc.

Question 4

What are the 4 basic principles in Range Management?

Answer 4

1. Proper stocking rate, excessive conflict.
2. Proper distribution of grazing animals.
3. Proper kinds of grazing animals.
4. Proper grazing system.

Question 5

Proper stocking rate

Answer 5

or correct animal numbers (wild and domestic), is considered the most important part of range management.

Question 6

What has been the focal point of range management?

Answer 6

control of livestock grazing

Question 7

What are the 4 influences on Wildlife and Range decisions?

Answer 7

1. politics
2. social values
3. science
4. finances

Question 8

Common Use

Answer 8

intentional grazing of the range by >1 type of animal to obtain economic and/or social benefit.

Question 9

Ecology

Answer 9

Study of the relationship between an organism or groups of organisms and their environment.

Question 10

Economics

Answer 10

Study of how to allocate scarce resources among competing uses.

Question 11

Ruminant

Answer 11

have enlarged compartment (rumen) that permits microbial degradation of food before it passes to the stomach (abomasum)-cow, deer, sheep, goat, elk, moose.

Question 12

Ungulate

Answer 12

A hoofed animal: includes ruminates but also horses, tapirs, elephants, rhinoceroses, and swine.

Question 13

Forage

Answer 13

all plant material on a given area potentially edible by livestock and wildlife.

Question 14

Grasses

Answer 14

plants that have hollow; jointed stems; fine narrow leaves; and fibrous roots.

Question 15

Forbs

Answer 15

Nongrass-like plants that have tap root, broad leaves, and solid non-jointed stems.

Question 16

Shrubs

Answer 16

Woody plants that have long, coarse roots; branch near ground level; and generally have broad leaves.

Question 17

Trees

Answer 17

woody plants that have a trunk that branches well above ground.

Question 18

What are the basic Range Management Concepts?

Answer 18

1. Rangeland is a renewable resource.
2. Energy from the sun can be captured by green plants which can only be harvested by the grazing animal.
3. grazing lands supply us with food and fiber at a very low additional energy cost
4. the amount and kind of forage available is determined by the type of soil and the climatic conditions. A given set of soil and climatic conditions define a “range site”
5. rangelands supply us with multiple products: food, fiber, fishing, hunting, sightseeing, minerals, timber, and water.

Question 19

What are two key range management components?

Answer 19

1. protection and enhancement of soil and vegetation complex.
2. Maintaining or improving output of consumable range products, such as red meat, wildlife, water, wood, fiber, recreation, etc.

Question 20

Society for Range Management

Answer 20

• formed in 1948
• publications
• rangeland ecology & management
• rangelands
• books
• newsletters
• brochures

Question 21

What are the Range Management Activities?

Answer 21

1. surveys and monitoring
2. range management planning
3. range improvements
4. landscape planning and management
5. dispute resolution
6. information and education

Question 22

What challenges to Range Managers arise from the increase in human population?

Answer 22

1. increase in human population expected in the next 50 yrs coupled with declining fossil fuels.
2. human population at current rate will double in the next 58 yrs.
3. Human population rate is slowing, present 6.7 billion people could stabilize at 11 billion people by next turn of the century.

Question 23

Importance of Rangelands

Answer 23

energy
water
food
climate change
endangered species

Question 24

Ecosystem Services

Answer 24

• maintaining of air and water quality

- human population increase world’s natural landscapes diminish.

Question 25

Importance of Rangelands to the world

Answer 25

1. rangelands involves about 70% of the world's land area & 50% of the US land area 2. play role in providing goods and services needed for survival of humankind 3. role in providing society with ecosystem services

Question 26

Composition of World's land area

Answer 26

``` 30% deserts, glaciers, mountain peaks 11% farmland 24% permanent pasture (grassland) 31% forest and woodland 3-5% urbanized (cities, airports, highways) ```

Question 27

⭐️Challenges to range managers in 21st Century (know all points)

Answer 27

1. sustaining ranching as occupation and way of life 2. preservation of open space 3. preventing and resolving soical conflicts over usage and management of natural resources 4. maintaining and improving health of rangeland ecosystems 5. preserving threatened and endangered species 6. fire and fuels management 7. expanding supply of rangeland products (livestock products, recreation, wildlife, water, energy, aesthetics, other)