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PSYC 2600 > chap 10 > Flashcards

chap 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the order of the transactional model of stress?

A

stressor > primary or secondary appraisal > coping > emotion > illness or adaption

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2
Q

T or F: intense negative emotions make it hard to problem-solve

A

T

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3
Q

explain the the gross & levenson (1997) case about watching video clips

A

participants watch sad or happy video clips, half told to suppress emotion, particoants not suppression were double as happy as participants who suppressed

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4
Q

How does one control emotion?

A

Suppression: I control my emotions by not suppressing them
reappraisal: I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation

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5
Q

what is a “self-concealer”?

A

someone who keeps bad experiences to themselves, or secreats

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6
Q

what is true of self concealers?

A

self concealers have worse mental health, relationship satisfaction, physical health, more loneliness, etc

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7
Q

T or F: keeping secret from a romantic partner causes reduction in trust, intimacy, and a excessive amount of stress

A

True

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8
Q

T or F: those who disclosed to partner a secret or explained emotional intimacy, had higher feelings of trust

A

True

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9
Q

what two strategies are their for controlling emotions? (emotional regulation)

A
  1. suppression (doesn’t work very well)
  2. reinterpretation/reappraisal (associates better with outcomes for self and relationships)
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10
Q

what are the benefits to expressing?

A

disclosure of emotions ignites support

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11
Q

what about stress makes a person better?

A

people who experience major events often say:
“it made me stronger”
“i learned about self”
“closer to family”
“strengthened faith”
“reset priorities”
ALL EQUAL GROWTH

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12
Q

T or F: stressful life events can equal cognitive aspects of personality?

A

T: can create goals, purpose, beliefs, values, enhance self-esteem, identity, understanding of self and world. etc

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13
Q

what is personal construct theory?

A

proposes that each person possesses unique filters for interpreting/anticipating events

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14
Q

what is the order of personal construct theory?

A

event> beliefs, fears, assumptions experiences, and learning history> does it make sense? > if no then reevaluate beliefs, fears, assumptions, etc.

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15
Q

T or F: adversity exposes faulty assumptions 

A

T: individuals, develop more sophisticated ways of understanding, self, others, world

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16
Q

New understandings equal …

A

sense of personal growth

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17
Q

what is the cognitive illusions perspective? (optimism)

A

most people have a distorted, overly optimistic view of themselves

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18
Q

optimistic view of self is a source of…

A

self esteem/well-being

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19
Q

T or F: major stressors are often a threat to self-esteem

A

T

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20
Q

how to defend threat to self l?

A

“selective” interpretation

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21
Q

what are examples of “selective” interpretation?

A

-Download social comparisons (I am doing better than most)
-regain mastery/control (self-blame but I can learn from it)
- see event as meaningful/purposeful (now I’m on a mission)

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22
Q

are reports of growth illusory?

A

there are validity issues:
-partner corroboration reports
of growth
-“growth” reported within weeks of trauma
-reports of growth ≠ adjustment

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23
Q

what good are positive emotions?

A

they help us think creatively, problem solve, build hope, optimism, build resources, time away from stress, physiological changes

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24
Q

what is suppression?

A

The defence mechanism to cope with distressing mental contents by voluntarily making efforts to put them out of conscious awareness

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25
what is reappraisal?
an emotional regulation strategy that involves reframing the meaning of a situation to alter its emotional impact
26
what does the DSM-5 stand for? 
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
27
what is the dsm-5
compendium of mental disorders: how they are defined, and the criteria for diagnosis
28
something is considered a disorder when…
it… A: departs significantly from “normal “range for a given culture B: causes major distress/suffering, and C: limits/prevent a persons ability to function in a normal society (like risk of harm to self/others)
29
what would the DSM five classify as a “abnormal behaviour pattern”
when it’s abnormal in a statistical sense (like being rare), a socially acceptable sense (like being wrong or harmful to others) and/or a psychological sense (like being ineffective)
30
Traditionally, how many personality disorders are they?
10
31
name all four of the erratic/impulsive cluster of personality disorders
1. antisocial personality disorder 2. borderline personality disorder 3. histrionic personality disorder 4, narcissistic personality disorder
32
explain antisocial, personality disorder:
* disregard for social norms, aggression/hostility towards others, sadistic, lying, impulsive and irresponsible (usually since childhood) * lack of remorse, empathy, fear, and concern for others * similar to psychopath without charm and deceitfulness
33
explain borderline personality disorder:
* extremely unstable emotions, behavior, relationships * intense emotions, unstable sense of self, unpredictable, swings in thought, emotion, and behaviour * fear of being abandoned
34
explain histrionic personality disorder:
* excessive attention seeking and emotionality * sexually provocative * exaggerated behaviour
35
explain narcissistic personality disorder:
* strong need to be admired, exaggerated sense of superiority, entitled * lack of empathy * fragile self-esteem (threats to self-esteem met with aggression and rage)
36
name all three eccentric personality disorders:
1. schizoid personality disorder 2. schizotypal personality disorder 3. paranoid personality disorder
37
explain schizoid personality disorder
* socially detached, apathy for social relationships, solitary * emotionally bland/neutral
38
explain schizotypal personality disorder
* socially awkward, odd, eccentric * distressful, suspicious * unusual, bizarre perceptions and beliefs
39
explain paranoid personality disorder
* highly suspicious, jealous, distrustful of others * misinterpreting social events as threats * argumentative and hostile
40
what are the three anxious personality disorders?
1. avoidant personality disorder 2. dependent personality disorder 3. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
41
explain avoidant personality disorder
* strong, fear of rejection, severe shyness * feelings of inadequacy (low SE) and sensitive to criticism
42
explain dependent personality disorder
* strong need to be taken care of * strong need for reassurance * submissive
43
explain obsessive- compulsive personality disorder
* excessive need for order and predictability * perfectionist * rigid/inflexible
44
T or F: traditionally, if one meets the criteria, then one has the personality disorder
True: but problems with that: criteria suggests a prototype for each disorder, validity issues, there could be other personality disorders we haven’t defined
45
what is a dimensional system in terms of personality disorders?
it is without erratic, eccentric, and anxious. Instead, antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive, compulsive, and schizotypal with “personality disorder ____”
46
what does high neuroticism lead to?
NEGLECTFUL ACTIVITY insecurity, helplessness, depression emotional lability and shamefulness
47
what does low neuroticism lead to?
fearlessness, shamelessness
48
what does high extroversion lead to?
attention seeking, excitement seeking
49
what does low extraversion lead to?
DETACHMENT detached coldness, social withdrawal
50
what does high openness lead to?
PSYCHOTICISM eccentricity, magicalthinking, perceptual dysregulation
51
what does low openness lead to?
Closed-minded and inflexible 
52
what does high agreeableness lead to?
gullibility, submissiveness, selflessness
53
what does low agreeableness lead into?
ANTAGONISM deceitfulness, grandiosity, manipulativeness, callousness, and suspiciousness
54
what does high conscientiousness lead to?
workaholicism, perfectionism
55
what does low conscientiousness lead to?
DISINHIBITION irresponsibility, distractibility and rashness
56
T or F: being extreme on one trait indicates a disorder
F: abnormality is continuous with normality
57
What is a dimensional view of Personality disorders?
* not an issue of present/absent, but degree of extremity and impairment * knows lege about normal range traits can inform disorders * no longer fitting prototype, less mi-diagnosis * focus on adaption
58
T or F: personality disorders are a problem of adaption given one’s traits
T
59
what are the criticisms of DSM?
-each disorder assumed to have its own etiologie -research focusses on one disorder in isolation of others - unreliability - High rates of comorbidity - unscientific
60
what is hiTOP?
hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology: recognizes overlapping symptoms, and dimensionality of disorders… eg. there is a common aspect to almost all psychopathy, some cluster together
61
what are the advantages of hiTOP?
- reduces artificial comorbidity due to symptom overlap - helps identify common causes/roots across different disorders - allows for analysis at different levels or abstraction -dimensionaal vs discrete
62
what is the guiding principle of cognitive perspective
*people different how they perceive and interpret the social world * what are the filters (beliefs and assumptions) people use to interpret the world
63
what are the perceptions of cognitive perspective (field…)
field dependence/independence

PSYC 2600 (10 decks)

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