chap 11

Question 1

What is the process called by which a single organism can reproduce without the involvement of gametes?

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction

Question 2

What are the structures that carry genetic information in the form of genes?

Answer 2

Chromosomes

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Chromatin is made up of DNA and __________.

Answer 3

protein

Question 4

What phase of the cell cycle is characterized by cell growth and DNA replication?

Answer 4

Interphase

Question 5

What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm during cell division?

Answer 5

Cytokinesis

Question 6

What key event occurs during the S phase of interphase?

Answer 6

DNA replication

Question 7

Multiple choice: Which type of reproduction generally results in greater genetic diversity? A) Asexual B) Sexual

Answer 7

Sexual

Question 8

What is the structure that holds sister chromatids together?

Answer 8

Centromere

Question 9

What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

Answer 9

Genotype

Question 10

Fill in the blank: During prophase, the chromatin condenses into __________.

Answer 10

chromosomes

Question 11

Multiple choice: In which type of cell division do homologous chromosomes separate? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis

Answer 11

B) Meiosis

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Chromatin is less tightly packed than __________.

Answer 12

chromosomes

Question 13

What is mitosis?

Answer 13

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 14

What is the main purpose of cytokinesis?

Answer 14

Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.

Question 15

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plate?

Answer 15

Metaphase.

Question 16

True or False: Prophase is the first stage of mitosis.

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

What are chromatids?

Answer 17

Chromatids are the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome, connected by a centromere.

Question 18

What role does the centromere play in cell division?

Answer 18

The centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during mitosis.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The _______ are structures that help organize and separate chromosomes during mitosis.

Answer 19

Centrioles.

Question 20

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 20

During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell.

Question 21

What marks the end of mitosis?

Answer 21

Telophase marks the end of mitosis, where the chromosomes begin to de-condense and nuclear envelopes reform.

Question 22

Which phase follows prophase in mitosis?

Answer 22

Metaphase.

Question 23

True or False: Cytokinesis occurs simultaneously with telophase.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

How many chromosomes are present in each daughter cell after mitosis if the parent cell had 46 chromosomes?

Answer 24

Each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes.

Question 25

What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Answer 25

Spindle fibers help to separate the chromatids and pull them to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 26

What is the significance of the G2 phase before mitosis?

Answer 26

The G2 phase allows the cell to grow and produce proteins necessary for mitosis.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The _______ phase is characterized by the condensation of chromatin into visible chromosomes.

Answer 27

Prophase.

Question 28

What occurs during telophase?

Answer 28

During telophase, the chromosomes reach the poles, de-condense, and the nuclear membrane reforms.

Question 29

What structure forms between the two daughter cells during cytokinesis in animal cells?

Answer 29

A cleavage furrow forms between the two daughter cells.

Question 30

True or False: Centrioles replicate during the S phase of interphase.

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid?

Answer 31

A chromosome is a single piece of DNA, while a chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome.

Question 32

What type of cells undergo mitosis?

Answer 32

Somatic cells undergo mitosis.

Question 33

Which phase is characterized by the chromosomes being lined up in the middle of the cell?

Answer 33

Metaphase.

Question 34

What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

Answer 34

The nuclear envelope breaks down during prophase.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The _______ connects the two sister chromatids.

Answer 35

Centromere.

Question 36

What is the outcome of mitosis?

Answer 36

The outcome of mitosis is two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.

Question 37

In which phase do the sister chromatids become individual chromosomes?

Answer 37

Anaphase.

Question 38

What is the role of the mitotic spindle?

Answer 38

The mitotic spindle is responsible for separating the chromosomes during mitosis.