Chap 11 - Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Diseases

Question 1

The digestive system is composed of two separate categories of organs, what are they?

Answer 1

GI Tract (eso, stomach, intestine) and Accessory digestive organs (liver, etc.)

Question 2

What kind of defenses protect the GI Tract from pathogen colonization?

Answer 2

Chemical, Mechanical, and cellular defenses.

Question 3

Roles of Gut Microbes:

Answer 3

Break down food
Help produce vitamins (esp K)
Compete/Take up space/food from “bad guys”
Not enough microbe producing vitamin K as a baby, get vitamin K shot

Question 4

Gingivitis is characterized by what_______

Answer 4

ulcers and bleeding along the gingival margin.
degradation of periodontal ligaments and bone.
loosened or lost teeth.

Question 5

________ are illnesses in which bacterial toxins are ingested with food or water. (bacteria are making toxins and you drink or eat them)

Answer 5

Intoxications

Question 6

______ are illnesses in which live bacterial pathogens are ingested and grow in the body.

Answer 6

Infections (actual bacteria are ingested and create illness.)

Question 7

How are bacterial diseases of the GI tract usually spread?

Answer 7

Food and Water

Question 8

The infectious dose is what?

Answer 8

the number of bacteria needed to get sick

Question 9

Food poisoning illnesses are the result of _______

Answer 9

Enterotoxins

Question 10

Staphylococcus aureus causes

Answer 10

staphylococcal food poisoning

Question 11

Clostridium perfringens causes

Answer 11

clostridial food poisoning.

Question 12

What causes the most dangerous foodborne intoxication>

Answer 12

Clostridium botulinum

Question 13

Botulism (powerful bacteria) is caused by the organism Clostridium Botulinum. Why is it so dangerous?

Answer 13

It realeses a neurotoxin that inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine preventing the contraction of muscles causing flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest.

Question 14

How can you prevent botulism?

Answer 14

Prevented by heating foods before eating them for at least 10 minutes. (includes heating honey).

Question 15

What is the most common form of botulism in the US

Answer 15

Infant botulism, It occurs when infants ingest endospores, commonly with honey causing floppy baby syndrome.

Question 16

Why do Bacterial GI infections have a longer incubation period than intoxications

Answer 16

Because bacterial cells must establish themselves in the body after ingestion.

Question 17

Cholera is caused by

Answer 17

Vibrio cholerae, often consumed with raw oysters and water.

Question 18

____ ____ causes listeriosis through fecal contaminated food, water and milk.

Answer 18

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 19

Listeria primarily affects:

Answer 19

primarily affects pregnant women, newborns, elderly and the immunocompromised causing a form of meningitis.
It loves your fridge! (psychrophile)

Question 20

Typhoid Fever involves a blood infection, it is caused by

Answer 20

S. typhi (S= salmonella)

Question 21

S. typhi is transmitted by the five Fs:

Answer 21

Flies
Food
Fingers
Feces
Fomites (an object)

Question 22

Why is S. Typhi dangerous? Signs and Symptoms?

Answer 22

It is acid resistant, so it passes through the stomach to the small intestine with no problem.

S&S: It causes ulcers, bleeding, and pain. Goes to brain and causes delirium/hallucinations.
TYPHOS = Cloudy

Question 23

________ serotypes are often found in unpasteurized milk or poultry products; often on eggs (scramble or gamble).

Answer 23

Salmonella

Question 24

_____ and ____ are the reservoir for salmonella

Answer 24

Chickens and turkeys

Question 25

Shigellosis causes two diseases

Answer 25

Small Intestine – diarrhea; but not lethal | Large Intestine – Dysentary; bloody diarrhea

Question 26

Shigellosis is primarily caused by

Answer 26

Shigella sonnei

Question 27

Is there a vaccine for Shigellosis

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) does what? (skipped on slides)

Answer 28

Penetrate the intestinal epithelium and produce a toxin that causes gastroenteritis.

Question 29

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) causes what? (skipped on slides)

Answer 29

Diarrhea in infants, particularly where sanitation is lacking.

Question 30

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is so deadly because it contained what toxin?

Answer 30

Shiga toxin in E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks (jack in the box; diff because had shiga toxin)

Question 31

Dental Caries organism? prevention? treatment?

Answer 31

Organism: Streptococcus mutans. Prevention: Fluoride and diet can prevent dental caries. More sugar more fermentation more acid more wear on your teeth. Treatment: fillings, crown, root canal.

Question 32

This is the study of the origin of disease

Answer 32

Etiology

Question 33

______ are produced by enterobacteria which are restricted to intestinal tract and that act on the intestinal mucosa.

Answer 33

Enterotoxins

Question 34

Dehydration

Answer 34

Loss of water and electrolytes (Sodium, potassium, calcium); Affects nerves and muscles Lose blood volume causing thickening Urine production can decrease

Question 35

Listeriosis is transmitted through fecal contaminated food such as cold cuts, soft cheese and milk. It can affect pregnant women by causing perinatal infection leading to miscarriage. In the immuno-compromised, it leads to a form of _________ .

Answer 35

Meningitis

Question 36

Guillain-Barre syndrome is what

Answer 36

A rare immune reaction is Guillain-Barre syndrome causing paralysis (antibody attacks own nerves)

Question 37

H. Pylori causes what disease? describe shpe

Answer 37

causes Gastric Ulcer Disease Description: microaerophilic, gram negative curved

Question 38

True or False: It takes 1-6 hours for symptoms of Food poisoning caused by S. Aureus

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Rice Stool is associated with what disease?

Answer 39

Cholera

Question 40

C. Diff can end in pseudomembranous colitis caused by what?

Answer 40

Cytotoxin

Question 41

What is the name of the biofilm, containing salivary proteins, food debris and bacterial cell production?

Answer 41

Dental Plaque

Question 42

how are dental caries formed?

Answer 42

You eat food>bacteria ferments that food into acid which ruins your enamel!

Question 43

Another name for dental caries?

Answer 43

tooth decay

Question 44

What is the dental pellicle?

Answer 44

tooth surface

Question 45

Is the transmission of h pylori known?

Answer 45

no

Question 46

How does H. Pylori create ulcers?

Answer 46

1. Attaches to stomach wall, then secretes Urease. 2. Urease digests urea, producing ammonia. Urea—urease | CO2 +NH3 (basic products) 3. Ammonia neutralizes acid in that area of the infection (allowing the bacteria to survive) 4. Ammonia+cytotoxin destroys mucous secreting cells, creating sores.

Question 47

How is H. Pylori Diagnosed? Treatment? prevention?

Answer 47

Diagnosis: drink radioactive urea. If the bacteria are there, H. Pylori will break down radioactive material, you breath out radioactive urea in a breath test. Treatment: antiobiotics and acid reducing meds Prevention: don’t share utensils or glasses S&S: burning pain in stomach, bloat, bloody vomit or stools

Question 48

Campylobacteriosis is caused by what organism? What is the reservoir? How is it transmitted?

Answer 48

Organism: Campylobacter jejuni; Description: aerophilic, gram negative rod; Reservoir: intestinal tract of poultry, cattle; raw milk Transmission: the fecal-oral route (from chickens)

Question 49

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US. It is treated with antibiotics. What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 49

S&S: Enterotoxin causes gastroenteritis Cytotoxin causes bloody diarrhea

Question 50

A rare immune reaction called Guillain-Barre syndrome causing paralysis (antibody attacks own nerves) is caused by what disease?

Answer 50

Campylobacteriosis "Guillain went to the Barr and drank so much she was paralyzed so we had to carry her back to Camp."

Question 51

Listeriosis is caused by what organism? | What is the treatment and prevention?

Answer 51

Organism: Listeria monocytogenes Description: Anaerobic, gram (+), rod It loves your fridge! (psychrophile)\\Treatment: antibiotic Prevention: cook raw animal foods, sanitize utensils .