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History Patterns - Unit 5 > Chap 11.1 > Flashcards

Chap 11.1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Han dynasty ruled China from ______ to ______.

How long was their rule?

A

The Han dynasty ruled China from 206 BC to AD 220 (more than 400 years).

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2
Q

What happened after the Han dynasty?

What was this period called?

A

After the dynasty collapsed, military leaders split China into rival kingdoms, -period of disorder and warfare that historians call the Period of Disunion

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3
Q

What was the Period of Disunion like?

A
  • Nomads invaded northern China, formed own kingdoms
  • Many northern Chinese fled south to region of Yangzi River
  • A number of southern dynasties rose, fell
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4
Q

How did Chinese civilization blend together?

A
  • Nomadic invaders in north adopted aspects of Chinese civilization
  • Northern Chinese immigrants’ culture blended with local cultures in south; arts, philosophy flowered
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5
Q

How long did the Period of Disunion last?

What ended it?

A

The Period of Disunion lasted more than 350 years, ending when a northern ruler named Wendi reunified China.

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6
Q

What dynasty came next, founded by Wendi?

A

Founding of the Sui dynasty.

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7
Q

What was the government like in Sui dynasty?

A
  • Wendi: Built centralized government
  • Restored order, created new legal code, reformed bureaucracy
  • Created policies to provide adult males with land
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8
Q

What was the greatest achievement of Sui dynasty?

When was it completed?

A

Grand Canal

Greatest accomplishment of Sui dynasty, completed during reign of Yangdi, Wendi’s son

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9
Q

What was the Grand Canal?

A

1,000 mile waterway linked northern, southern China.

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10
Q

What led to end of the Sui dynasty?

A

Yangdi forced millions of peasants to work on canal;

led to discontent, rebellion

In 618, Yangdi assassinated, Sui dynasty ended

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11
Q

What dynasty came after the Sui ended?

When was this dynasty’s rule?

A

The Tang Dynasty

Tang dynasty ruled 618 to 907

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12
Q

What did the Tang dynasty achieve?

A
  • Chinese influence spread
  • China experienced period of brilliance, prosperity, cultural achievement
  • Government, other institutions served as models across East Asia
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13
Q

Where was 1st capital of Tang dynasty?

Where was its 2nd capital?

A
  • Established capital at Chang’an, Sui capital
  • Second capital located at Luoyang
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14
Q

How was government during Tang dynasty?

A
  • Government control remained centralized
  • Government served as models across East Asia
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15
Q

How were people able to work for the government?

A
  • To obtain talented officials, Tang expanded civil service examination system
  • People had to pass written exams to work for government
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16
Q

What kind of law did Tang dynasty create?

A

Created flexible law code;

model for law codes in Korea, Japan

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17
Q

How did Tang dynasty conduct foreign affairs?

Which foreign places did Chinese influence reach?

A
  • Tang expanded China, Chinese influence
  • Gained influence over Korea
  • Contact with Japan increased; Japanese scholars came to China to study
  • Expansion, increased contact with others grew foreign trade
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18
Q

When did much of the expansion occur?

A

•Much of expansion occurred during reign of Taizong, 626 to 649

19
Q

How did Taizong govern?

Who did he rely on?

A
  • Taizong relied on talented ministers to help govern
  • In addition to military conquests, Taizong had schools built to prepare students for civil service exams
  • After his death, one of his sons became emperor
20
Q

What dynasty came after the Tang?

A

The Song Dynasty

21
Q

How did Tang dynasty end?

What happened to China after?

A

•China split apart after Tang dynasty (Rebellion, bad leadership, invasion…),

  • did not reunify until 960 with Song dynasty
22
Q

How long did Song dynasty rule?

What was China like during this dynasty?

A
  • Song ruled for about 300 years.
  • Under Song, Chinese civilization became most advanced in world
23
Q

Where was capital during Song dynasty?

What was restored during Song dynasty?

A

Song established capital at Kaifeng,

restored centralized government control:

civil service examination system, Confucian ethics

24
Q

What were the benefits of the civil service exams?

Those who passed the exams became ________

A
  • Extremely difficult to pass; those who did became scholar-officials
  • Received good salary, were respected
  • Civil service exams became more open to ordinary people
  • Exams pathway to gaining wealth, status
25
Q

What part of China did Song dynasty rule?

A

Southern Song

  • Song rulers never regained northern or western lands lost by Tang
  • Tried to buy peace by sending gifts to Nomads
  • Song lasted 150 more years in the South
26
Q

Who ruled northern part of China?

A

•1120s, nomadic people, Jurchen, conquered northern China, founded Jin empire

27
Q

What were the cultural achievements of the Tang and Song dynasties?

A

The Tang and Song dynasties were periods of great cultural achievement.

Art and literature flourished, and many inventions and advances occurred in science and technology.

28
Q

What were achievements in Lterature and Art?

A
  • Tang period produced some of China’s greatest poets
  • Du Fu, Li Bo, two most famous
  • Poems of Confucian ideals, joys of life
29
Q

What were achievements in Painting?

A
  • Reached new heights
  • Wu Daozi, murals
30
Q

What did artisans create?

What did Tang artisans make?

What did Song artisans excel at?

A
  • Exquisite objects made from clay
  • Tang: pottery figurines, often to go in tombs
  • Song: excelled at making porcelain
31
Q

What were achievements in architecture?

What were the famous structures?

A
  • Indian Buddhist temples influenced design of Chinese pagoda
  • Featured roofs at each floor curving upwards at corners
32
Q

What were inventions during this time?

A

•Gunpowder major invention, used in fireworks, weapons

33
Q

What was the magnetic compass?

A
  • Uses Earth’s magnetic field to show direction
  • Revolutionized sea travel, contributed to world exploration
34
Q

What were achievements in printing?

A
  • Paper, ink invented earlier
  • Tang period, developed woodblock printing
  • Text carved into wood, coated with ink, pressed on paper
35
Q

What was invented that revolutionized printing?

A

Moveable Type

  • Another type of printing
  • Uses blocks on which letters, characters carved
  • Blocks rearranged, reused to print many things
  • Faster than woodblock, spread to Europe, revolutionized printing
36
Q

What was another Song invention?

A

Paper Money

  • Another Song invention
  • Had used bulky metal disks placed on strings
  • Paper money light, easy to use, quickly spread in use in China
37
Q

What was the Tang and Song periods known for?

A

Prosperity and Society

In addition to cultural achievements, the Tang and Song periods were a time of growth and prosperity

38
Q

What was achieved in agriculture?

How?

A

•Chinese agriculture became more productive

–New irrigation techniques

–New variety of rice

–Production of cotton, tea increased

  • Increased food production contributed to population growth
  • Tang population 60 million, Song population 100 million
39
Q

What were achievements in trade?

A
  • Improvements in roads, canals increased trade within China
  • Foreign trade: Silk Roads
  • Late Tang: advances in sailing, shipbuilding helped sea trade
  • Song: merchants became important in society; money, banking began to develop
40
Q

Where did most people live?

What was city life like?

A
  • As farming, trade grew so did China’s cities
  • China had largest cities in world
  • Tang capital, Chang’an, population more than 1 million, many cultures
  • Song dynasty, several cities had million or more
  • Despite urban growth, most Chinese still lived, farmed in countryside
41
Q

What were the social levels in society?

What new class developed?

Who were most people?

A
  • Power of aristocratic families declined during period
  • New class developed, gentry
  • Included scholar-officials, leading landowners
  • Most still peasants
  • Paid most of taxes, little schooling
42
Q

What was status of women?

What horrible custom developed?

A
  • Status of women declined
  • Desire for small, dainty feet led to custom of footbinding
  • Painful process to keep feet from growing, deformed feet over time
  • Symbol of husband’s authority
43
Q
A

History Patterns - Unit 5 (11 decks)

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