Chap 11.1 Flashcards
(43 cards)
The Han dynasty ruled China from ______ to ______.
How long was their rule?
The Han dynasty ruled China from 206 BC to AD 220 (more than 400 years).
What happened after the Han dynasty?
What was this period called?
After the dynasty collapsed, military leaders split China into rival kingdoms, -period of disorder and warfare that historians call the Period of Disunion
What was the Period of Disunion like?
- Nomads invaded northern China, formed own kingdoms
- Many northern Chinese fled south to region of Yangzi River
- A number of southern dynasties rose, fell
How did Chinese civilization blend together?
- Nomadic invaders in north adopted aspects of Chinese civilization
- Northern Chinese immigrants’ culture blended with local cultures in south; arts, philosophy flowered
How long did the Period of Disunion last?
What ended it?
The Period of Disunion lasted more than 350 years, ending when a northern ruler named Wendi reunified China.
What dynasty came next, founded by Wendi?
Founding of the Sui dynasty.
What was the government like in Sui dynasty?
- Wendi: Built centralized government
- Restored order, created new legal code, reformed bureaucracy
- Created policies to provide adult males with land
What was the greatest achievement of Sui dynasty?
When was it completed?
Grand Canal
Greatest accomplishment of Sui dynasty, completed during reign of Yangdi, Wendi’s son
What was the Grand Canal?
1,000 mile waterway linked northern, southern China.
What led to end of the Sui dynasty?
Yangdi forced millions of peasants to work on canal;
led to discontent, rebellion
In 618, Yangdi assassinated, Sui dynasty ended
What dynasty came after the Sui ended?
When was this dynasty’s rule?
The Tang Dynasty
Tang dynasty ruled 618 to 907
What did the Tang dynasty achieve?
- Chinese influence spread
- China experienced period of brilliance, prosperity, cultural achievement
- Government, other institutions served as models across East Asia
Where was 1st capital of Tang dynasty?
Where was its 2nd capital?
- Established capital at Chang’an, Sui capital
- Second capital located at Luoyang
How was government during Tang dynasty?
- Government control remained centralized
- Government served as models across East Asia
How were people able to work for the government?
- To obtain talented officials, Tang expanded civil service examination system
- People had to pass written exams to work for government
What kind of law did Tang dynasty create?
Created flexible law code;
model for law codes in Korea, Japan
How did Tang dynasty conduct foreign affairs?
Which foreign places did Chinese influence reach?
- Tang expanded China, Chinese influence
- Gained influence over Korea
- Contact with Japan increased; Japanese scholars came to China to study
- Expansion, increased contact with others grew foreign trade
When did much of the expansion occur?
•Much of expansion occurred during reign of Taizong, 626 to 649
How did Taizong govern?
Who did he rely on?
- Taizong relied on talented ministers to help govern
- In addition to military conquests, Taizong had schools built to prepare students for civil service exams
- After his death, one of his sons became emperor
What dynasty came after the Tang?
The Song Dynasty
How did Tang dynasty end?
What happened to China after?
•China split apart after Tang dynasty (Rebellion, bad leadership, invasion…),
- did not reunify until 960 with Song dynasty
How long did Song dynasty rule?
What was China like during this dynasty?
- Song ruled for about 300 years.
- Under Song, Chinese civilization became most advanced in world
Where was capital during Song dynasty?
What was restored during Song dynasty?
Song established capital at Kaifeng,
restored centralized government control:
civil service examination system, Confucian ethics
What were the benefits of the civil service exams?
Those who passed the exams became ________
- Extremely difficult to pass; those who did became scholar-officials
- Received good salary, were respected
- Civil service exams became more open to ordinary people
- Exams pathway to gaining wealth, status
