chap 12-18

Question 1

Commodity chain

Answer 1

the series of steps a food takes from location where it is produced to the store where it is sold to consumers.

Question 2

Ethnoscape

Answer 2

the flow of people across boundaries

Question 3

Financescape

Answer 3

the flow of money across political borders.

Question 4

Global North

Answer 4

refers to the wealthier countries of the world. The definition includes countries that are sometimes called “First World” or “Highly Developed Economies.”

Question 5

Global South

Answer 5

refers to the poorest countries of the world. The definition includes countries that are sometimes called “Third World” or “Least Developed Economies.

Question 6

Glocalization

Answer 6

the adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms.

Question 7

Habitus

Answer 7

the dispositions, attitudes, or preferences that are the learned basis for personal “taste” and lifestyles

Question 8

Ideoscape

Answer 8

the global flow if ideas

Question 9

Mediascape

Answer 9

the flow of media across borders

Question 10

Neoliberalism

Answer 10

the ideology of free-market capitalism emphasizing privatization and unregulated markets

Question 11

Syncretism

Answer 11

the combination of different beliefs even those that are seemingly contradictory into a new harmonious whole

Question 12

Technoscape

Answer 12

the global flows of technology

Question 13

Area studies

Answer 13

a way of organizing research and academic programs around world regions such as Africa. the Middle East, East Asia, China, Latin America and Europe.

Question 14

Coercive harmony

Answer 14

an approach to dispute resolution that emphasizes compromise and consensus rather than confrontation and results in the marginalization of dissent (harmony ideology) and the repression of demands for justice

Question 15

cultural determinism

Answer 15

the idea that behavioral differences are a result of cultural, not racial or genetic causes

Question 16

Cultural relativism

Answer 16

the idea that we should seek to understand another person’s beliefs and behaviors from the perspective of their own culture and not our own

Question 17

Ethnocentrism

Answer 17

the tendency to view one’s own culture as most important and correct and as the stick by which to measure all other cultures

Question 18

Functionalist

Answer 18

an approach developed in British anthropology that emphasized the ways that the parts of a society work together to support the functioning of the whole

Question 19

Holism

Answer 19

taking a broad view of the historical, environmental, and cultural foundations of behavior.

Question 20

Participant Observation

Answer 20

a type of observation in which the anthropologist observes while participating in the same activities in which her informants are engaged

Question 21

Plasticity

Answer 21

refers to the human capacity to learn any language or culture

Question 22

World systems theory

Answer 22

an approach to social science and history that involves examination of the development and functioning of the world economic system

Question 23

Adaptive

Answer 23

Traits that increase the capacity of individuals to survive and reproduce

Question 24

Biocultural evolution

Answer 24

describes the interactions between biology and culture that have influenced human evolution

Question 25

Biomedical

Answer 25

an approach to medicine that is based on the application of insights from, science particularly biology and chemistry

Question 26

Communal healing

Answer 26

An approach to healing that directs the combined efforts of community toward treating illness

Question 27

Culture-bound syndrome

Answer 27

An illness recognized only within a specific culture

Question 28

Emotionalistic explanation

Answer 28

Suggests that illnesses are caused by strong emotions such as fright, anger, or grief; this is an example of a naturalistic ethno-etiology

Question 29

Epidemiological transition

Answer 29

The sharp drop in mortality rates, particularly among children, that occurs in a society as a result of improved sanitation and access to healthcare.

Question 30

Ethno-etiology

Answer 30

Cultural explanations about the underlying causes of health problems

Question 31

Ethnomedicine

Answer 31

The comparative study of cultural ideas about wellness, illness and healing

Question 32

Humoral healing

Answer 32

An approach to healing that seeks to treat medical ailments by achieving a balance between the forces or elements of the body

Question 33

Maladaptive

Answer 33

traits that decrease the capacity of individuals to survive and reproduce

Question 34

Medical anthropology

Answer 34

A distinct sub-specialty within the discipline of anthropology that investigates human health and health care systems in comparative perspective

Question 35

Naturalistic ethno-etiology

Answer 35

Views disease as the result of natural forces such as cold, heat, winds, or an upset in the balance of the basic body elements

Question 36

Personalistic ethno-etiology

Answer 36

Views disease as the result of the actions of human or supernatural beings.

Question 37

Placebo effect

Answer 37

A response to treatment that occurs because the person receiving the treatment believes it will work, not because the treatment itself is effective

Question 38

Shaman

Answer 38

A person who specializes in contacting the world of the spirits

Question 39

Somatic

Answer 39

Symptoms that are physical manifestations of emotional pain

Question 40

Zoonotic

Answer 40

Diseases that have origins in animals and are transmitted to humans.

Question 41

Cultural imperialism

Answer 41

Attempts to impose unequal and unfair relationships between members of different societies.

Question 42

Food taboos

Answer 42

Cultural rules against the preparation and/or consumption of certain foods.

Question 43

Harmful Traditional practices

Answer 43

Behaviors that are viewed as ordinary and acceptable by members of a local community, but appear to be destructive or even criminal to outsiders.