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Medical Transcription, Ettinger > Chap 14, Neurology and Psychiatry, Terms Bank > Flashcards

Chap 14, Neurology and Psychiatry, Terms Bank Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

abduction (n)

A

the lateral movement of a limb away from the median plane of the body

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2
Q

adenopathy (n)

A

swelling and morbid change in lymph nodes

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3
Q

agnosia (n)

A

unable to perceive or recognize sensory stimuli

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4
Q

agraphia (n)

A

impairment of the ability to write

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5
Q

akinesis (n)

A

an extrapyramidal disorder causing a loss of power to perform voluntary movements

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6
Q

amnesia (n)

A

a disturbance of long-term memory; total or partial inability to recall past experiences

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7
Q

angiography (n)

A

an x-ray taken after a radiopaque dye is given to visualize the vessels

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8
Q

anticonvulsant (n)

A

a therapeutic agent that prevents seizures

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9
Q

aphasia (n)

A

difficulty with using and understanding words

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10
Q

aphonia (n)

A

loss of the voice as a result of disease or injury

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11
Q

arachnoid (n)

A

the middle of the three membranes covering the brain; it is a delicate fibrous membrane, resembling a cobweb

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12
Q

astereognosis (n) [a-steer-ee-og-nO-sis]

A

loss of the ability to judge the form of an object by touch

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13
Q

asymmetry (n)

A

lack of symmetry of parts or organs on opposite sides of body

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14
Q

ataxia (n)

A

muscular incoordination

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15
Q

atrophy (n)

A

a decrease in size of a part or organ; a wasting away of tissue as a result of disuse, radiation therapy, surgery, disease

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16
Q

aura (n)

A

a sensation, as of light or warmth, that may precede an attack of migraine or a seizure

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17
Q

auscultation (n) [aws-kul-tay-shun]

A

act of listening through a stethoscope to body sounds, including lungs, heart, and abdomen

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18
Q

axial (adj.)

A

situated in or relating to an axis

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19
Q

Babinski reflex (n) [bab-in-skeez ree-fleks]

A

an extension or moving of the big toe upward or toward the head, with the other toes fanned out and extended when the sole of the foot is stimulated

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20
Q

Brudzinski sign (n)

A

in meningitis, if a leg is passively flexed, a similar movement occurs in the other leg; if the neck is passively flexed, the legs also flex

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21
Q

bruit (n), [broo-ee/broot]

A

an adventitious sound of venous or arterial origin heard on auscultation

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22
Q

adventitious

A

happening or carried on according to chance rather than design or inherent nature

in biology formed accidentally or in an unusual anatomical position

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23
Q

causalgia (n)

A

burning pain, usually associated with peripheral nerve damage

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24
Q

central nervous system (CNS), (n)

A

portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

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25
cephalalgia (n)
headache
26
cerebellar (adj.)
relating to the cerebellum, the part of the brain concerned with the coordination and control of voluntary muscular activity
27
cerebrospinal (adj.)
relating to the brain and spinal cord
28
cerebrovascular (adj.)
relating to the blood vessels of the brain, especially to pathological changes
29
Chvostek sign (n)
an abnormal spasm of facial muscles when the facial nerve is tapped lightly
30
clonus (n)
abnormal condition in which a skeletal muscle alternately contracts and relaxes
31
concussion (n)
an injury of a soft structure, as the brain, resulting from a blow or violent shaking
32
coprolalia (n), [kOp-rO-lay-lee-a
involuntary utterance of obscene words, often seen in Tourette syndrome
33
corneal (adj.)
the clear, transparent, anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye composing about one-sixth of its surface
34
coronal (adj.)
pertaining to a corona, a structure resembling a crown
35
cortex (n)
an outer part of an organ, such as the brain
36
cortical (adj.)
relating to a cortex
37
craniotomy (n)
surgical opening into the skull, performed to control bleeding, remove tumors, relieve pressure inside the cranium, or insert electrodes for diagnosis
38
cranium (n)
the bony skull that holds the brain
39
cyanosis (n)
a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, occurring when the oxygen in the blood is sharply diminished, as in carbon monoxide poisoning
40
decompression (n)
removal of bone to relieve pressure
41
delusion (n)
belief in something in spite of incontrovertible evidence
42
dementia (n)
a general mental deterioration due to organic or psychological factors
43
Dexedrine (n)
brand name for dextroamphetamine, a CNS stimulant
44
dextroamphetamine (n)
a CNS stimulant
45
diffuse
spreading, scattered
46
Dilantin (n)
brand name for phenytoin, used for the prevention and management of seizures
47
phenytoin (n)
used for the prevention and management of seizures
48
diplopia (n)
double vision
49
dorsum (n)
the back or posterior surface of a part
50
dural (adj.)
pertaining to the dura mater, the outer membrane covering the spinal cord and brain
51
dura mater (n)
the outermost of the three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord; it is tough and fibrous
52
dyseidetic (adj.)
inability to visualize and recall objects (words) previously seen
53
dyslexia (n)
impairment of ability to read in which letters and words are reversed
54
dysphonetic (adj.)
inability to connect sounds to objects (words)
55
dysphoria (n)
mood characterized by anxiety, depression, discontent
56
echolalia (n)
involuntary repetition of a word or sentence just spoken by another person
57
electrophoresis (n)
the movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field; for example, a hemoglobin electrophoresis measures the types of hemoglobin in the blood
58
encephalopathy (n)
disease or dysfunction of the brain
59
encopresis (n)
inability to control bowel movements, fecal incontinence
60
epilepsy (n)
convulsive disorder
61
epileptiform (adj.)
having the form of epilepsy
62
erythema (n)
abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of the capillaries, as occurs in sunburn
63
euthymic (adj.)
characterized by moderation of mood
64
exotropia (n)
outward turning of one eye relative to the other
65
extensor (n)
muscle that, when flexed, causes extension of a joint or straightening of an arm or leg
66
extraocular (adj.)
outside the eye
67
fissures (n)
deep grooves in the brain
68
flexor (n)
muscle that bends a joint
69
fundus (n)
that part of the interior of the eyeball exposed to view through the ophthalmoscope; fundi (pl.)
70
funduscopic (adj.)
the examination of the ocular fundus with an ophthalmoscope
71
gadolinium (n)
a rare earth metallic element
72
ganglion (n)
a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system
73
Glasgow coma scale (n)
a clinical scale to assess impaired consciousness; assessment includes motor responsiveness, verbal performance, and eye opening
74
glial cells (n)
cells of the nervous system with functions other than transmitting signals
75
glove-stocking anesthesia (n)
glove or gauntlet anesthesia is loss of sensation in the hand; stocking anesthesia is loss of sensation in the area covered by a stocking
76
grand mal (seizure) (n)
generalized tonic-clonic seizure
77
hallucination (n)
the sensory perception (see, hear, smell, or taste) of something that does not actually exist or has not actually occurred
78
hematocrit (n)
a measure of the packed cell volume of red cells
79
hemiparesis (n)
muscular weakness of one half of the body
80
hemoglobin (n)
the iron-containing pigment of the red blood cells
81
hepatosplenomegaly (n)
enlargement of both liver and spleen
82
hippocampus (n)
structure within the brain
83
hydrocephalus (n)
an excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain
84
hyperesthetic (adj.)
characterized by acute sensitivity to pain or other stimuli
85
hyperreflexia (n)
a condition marked by exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
86
hypometabolism (n)
lowered metabolism
87
hypnotic (n)
an agent which brings on sleep
88
ichthyosis (n)
condition in which the skin is dry and scaly, resembling fish skin
89
ictal (adj.)
referring to the onset of a seizure
90
icteric (adj.)
pertaining to jaundice
91
interictal (adj.)
between seizures
92
ischemia (n)
decreased blood supply due to obstruction, such as narrowing of the blood vessels
93
lethargy (n)
state of sluggishness, stupor, unresponsiveness
94
lobectomy (n)
surgical procedure in which a lobe is removed (thyroid, brain, liver, and lungs are divided into lobes)
95
lymphadenopathy (n)
disease of the lymph nodes
96
mania (n)
a psychiatric disorder characterized by restlessness, euphoria, grandiosity, and poor judgment with symptoms of insomnia, rapid speech, and distractibility

Medical Transcription, Ettinger (3 decks)

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