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Human Anatomy Exam 3 > Chap 15 > Flashcards

Chap 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

major regions of the brain

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

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2
Q

direction:

A

anterior-toward nose

posterior-toward tail

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3
Q

three primary vesicles

A

prosencephalon (forebrain),
mesencephalon (midbrain),
rhombencephalon,(hindbrain)

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4
Q

Prosencephalon

A

telencephalon (cerebrum)

Diencephalon(epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus)

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5
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Cerebral peduncles, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi.

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6
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)

myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)

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7
Q

gray matter made up of:

A

neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, and unmyelinated axons.

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8
Q

White matter is made up of:

A

mylinated axons

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9
Q

Protection of the brain

A

blood brain barrier, cerebrospnal fluid, crainal meninges, and the cranium

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10
Q

cranial meninges

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater

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11
Q

stabilize the brains position:

A

falx cerrebri, tentorium cerebelli falx cerebelli and diaphragma sellae.

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12
Q

falx cerebri

A

largest

separates R and L cerebral hemispheres

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13
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

separates occiptal and temporal lobes

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14
Q

falx cerebelli

A

separate left and right cerebellar hemispheres

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15
Q

diaphragma sellae

A

forms a roof over the sella turcica.

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16
Q

Brain ventricles:

A

lateral ventricle, third ventricle, fourth ventricle, and cerebral aqueduct.

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17
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid:

A

provides bouyancy, protection and stable environment for the brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

CSF

A

*Made in the choroid plexus

enters the subarachnoid space from the ventricles and returns to the venous circulation through the arachnoid villi.

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19
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

regulates movement of materials between blood and interstitial fluid of the brain

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20
Q

cerebrum:

A

area of sensory perception, thought, memory, judgement and voluntary motor actions

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21
Q

Cerebral hemispheres are separated by:

A

longitudinal fissure

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22
Q

lobes of cerebrum:

A

frontal, parietal temporal occipital, and insula

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23
Q

Frontal lobe:

A

directs voluntary movements,

concentration, communication, personality and decision making

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24
Q

parietal lobe,

A

collects somatic sensory information

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25
Temporal lobe
hearing and smell
26
occipital lobe
vision, storing visual memories
27
insula
memory, and taste interpretation
28
precentral gyrus
primary motor cortex
29
inferolateral left frontal lobe
motor speech area
30
postcentral gyrus
primary somatosensory cortex
31
occipital lobe
primary visual cortex
32
temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex
33
insula
primary gustatory cortex (taste)
34
temporal lobe
primary olfactory cortex
35
Central White Matter
deep to cerebral cortex gray matter-composed of myelinated axons association tracts, commissural tracts, and projection tracts
36
association tracts
connect different regions of cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere (same side talk to different lobes)
37
commissural tracts
extend between cerebral hemispheres | R/L talk to each other
38
Projection tracts
link cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions and the spinal cord.
39
Cerebral nuclei
``` areas of gray matter deep within central white matter caudate nucleus amygdaloid body putamen and globus pallidus Claustrum ```
40
Caudate nucleus
C shaped | contributes to smoothness of complex motor actions
41
Amygdaloid body
expanded region at tail of caudate nucleus | involved in emotions moods, control behavior
42
putamen and globus pallidus
located between insula and diencephalon | control muscular movement subconsciously
43
claustrum
thin layer of neurons | processes visual information
44
diencephalon:
processes and relay centers to integrate the sensory and motor pathways includes thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
45
epithalamus
Posterior roof of diencephalon. | contains the pineal gland and habenular nuclei
46
pineal gland
melatonin secreting endocrine gland
47
habenular nuclei
relay signals from limbic system involved in emotional responses to odors
48
thalamus
final relay point for integrating, assimilating, and amplifying sensory signals sent to the cerebral cortex
49
hypothalamus
anteroinferior part of diencephalon | houses control and integrative centers, and oversees endocrine and autonomic nervous system functions
50
brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
51
midbrain:
superior portion of the brainstem | contains cerebral peduncles, substantia nigra, tegmentum, tectal plate and nuclei for two cranial nerves
52
Pons
bulging region in anterior brainstem | involved in sound localization
53
medulla oblongata
connects the brain to the spinal cord. contains sensory processing centers, autonomic reflex centers and nucli for four cranial nerves.
54
cerebellum
helps maintain posture and balance, | divides L and R cerebellar hemispheres each with anterior and posterior lobe
55
vermis
midline between hemispheres
56
arbor vitae
tree of life | white matter of cerebellum
57
cerebellar peuncles
thick tracts that connect the cerebellum with different parts of the brainstem.
58
limbic system:
collaborate to process/experience emotions.
59
cingulate gyrus
located in longitudinal fissure of cerebral corex, brings events to consciousness
60
parahippocampal gyrus
long term memory center
61
hippocampus
essential in storing memories and forming long term memory
62
amygdaloid body
connects to hippocampus involved in emotion, esp fear
63
olfactory system
connects odors emotions memories
64
fornix
thin tract that connects hippocampus with diencephalon
65
diencephalon
multiple nuclei and mammillary bodies contribute via many connections

Human Anatomy Exam 3 (4 decks)

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